Lon Nol

Lon Nol

Infobox Prime Minister
name =Lon Nol


order =President of the Khmer Republic
term_start =March 10, 1972
term_end =April 1, 1975
deputy =
predecessor =Cheng Heng
successor =Saukam Khoy
birth_date =November 13, 1913
birth_place =Prey Veng, Cambodia
death_date =November 17, 1985
death_place =Fullerton, California, USA
spouse =
constituency =
party =
languages spoken =


order2 =Prime Minister of Cambodia
term_start2 =October 25, 1966 – May, 1967
August 14, 1969
term_end2 =March 11, 1972
predecessor2 =Norodom Kantol
Samdech Penn Nouth
successor2 =Son Sann
Sisowath Sirik Matak

Lon Nol (​November 13, 1913 - November 17, 1985) was a Cambodian politician and soldier who served as Prime Minister of Cambodia twice as well as serving repeatedly as Defense Minister. He proclaimed himself, after a coup against Norodom Sihanouk president of the newly formed Khmer Republic.

Biography

Nol was born in Prey Veng Province on November 13, 1913, and was of Chinese–Khmer descent. [ [http://www.bluesky-travel.biz/cambodia/info/population.htm Population - Cambodia] ; [http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/parameters/00autumn/marks.htm China's Cambodia Strategy] ; cite book|title=Footprint Cambodia Handbook|author= John Colet, Joshua Eliot, Abigail Vertigan|pages=Back Matter|url=http://www.amazon.com/Footprint-Cambodia-Handbook-John-Colet/dp/1903471400/ref=sr_1_9/002-1388943-8340827?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1191160267&sr=8-9|publisher=Footprint Handbooks|isbn=1903471400] He was educated in the French education tradition, and turned to a life as a civil servant. He was appointed provincial governor in 1946, and rose to become the first leader of the Cambodian police. He subsequently held a series of important military posts. By 1960, he held the dual position of supreme commander of the military and minister of defense. From 1966 to 1967, he served as prime minister. In 1969, he became prime minister a second time.

Involvement in the Vietnam War

Following the removal of Sihanouk, Nol and Prince Sisowath Sirik Matak demanded that the North Vietnamese Army and Viet Cong leave Cambodia. He also closed the ports of Cambodia to military supplies for the Vietnamese forces. The government also assumed a pro-Western, anti-Communist stance. The proclaimed goal of American bombings in Cambodia was to destroy North Vietnamese and National Liberation Front (Viet Cong) bases in the area.

Soon after, the Chinese increased military aid to the Khmer Rouge in their fight against the newly formed Republic. Sihanouk, who was in exile in China, called the Cambodian people to oppose the new regime and was quickly joined by the communists.

Civil War

The Cambodian Civil War then began between the Khmer National Armed Forces (FANK) under the command of FANK Commander in Chief Sosthene Fernandez loyal to Nol and the Cambodian People's National Liberation Armed Forces (which would progressively come under the total control of the Khmer Rouge). Because he had abolished the monarchy and established the Khmer Republic, Nol was widely unpopular in the countryside, where support for Sihanouk was strong. Sihanouk formed a government-in-exile in Beijing known as the Royal Government of the National Union of Kampuchea (GRUNK), and a political coalition known as the National United Front of Kampuchea (FUNK), urging resistance to Nol. Sihanouk served as a useful symbol of resistance for the Khmer Rouge, who consolidated control in GRUNK and FUNK and rallied peasants to join the insurgency.

With his country descending into civil war, Nol called on the President Nixon's administration for additional help. On November 18, 1970, U.S. President Richard Nixon responded by requesting Congress to approve $155 million in supplemental aid for the Cambodian government ($85 million was allocated for military assistance.) The United States maintained strong cooperation with Nol's government, having been frustrated with Prince Sihanouk's semi-neutral policies. The United States was angered that, although officially neutral, Sihanouk allowed the NVA, PAVN and Viet Cong to shift the Ho Chi Minh trail within Cambodia's borders. However, despite U.S. aid, Nol was unable to defeat either the North Vietnamese forces or the Khmer Rouge. Despite large numbers of inexperienced volunteers, the Cambodian Army was simply outmatched by a Vietnamese opponent with heavy weapons and years of war experience. Given that the entire country quickly turned into a war zone, economic destabilization and refugees meant that no amount of money could make the situation better. With the backing of China (and to a lesser extent Vietnam), the Khmer Rouge advanced their control of the countryside.

Exile

By 1975, the government was eventually reduced to holding little more than Phnom Penh. At one point during a Khmer Rouge assault on Phnom Penh, Nol sprinkled a circular line of magic sand in order to defend the city. Finally, on April 1, 1975, Nol resigned and fled the country into exile. The Khmer Rouge had vowed to execute him. His brother Lon Non, Long Boret, Prince Sisowath Sirik Matak and other Khmer Republic officials whose names were not published on the death list chose to stay behind. They trusted the Khmer Rouge's assertions that former government officials would not be murdered, but would be welcome in helping rebuild a new Cambodia. They were summarily executed by the Khmer Rouge after Phnom Penh was captured on April 17, 1975.

Nol fled from Cambodia to Indonesia and first settled in Hawaii. He subsequently moved in 1979 to Fullerton, California. He died on November 17, 1985.

ee also

*Lon Nil
*Lon Non

References

External links

* [http://www.khmerkampongspeu.org/lonnol.htm General Lon Nol]
* [http://www.edwebproject.org/sideshow/history/coup.html The removal of Sihanouk]
* [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2102-1317961,00.html Pol Pot]


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  • Lon Nol — (13 de 1913, Kampong Leav 17 de noviembre de 1985, Fullerton (California)), fue un militar y político de Camboya. Fue dictador de su país entre 1972 y 1975 cuando instauró la república después de derrocar el régimen monárquico del príncipe… …   Wikipedia Español

  • Lon Nol — (* 13. November 1913 in Kampong Leav; † 17. November 1985 in Fullerton, Kalifornien) war kambodschanischer Offizier und Politiker. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Politische Laufbahn 2 Staatschef 3 Exil …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Lon Nol — (1913 1985) était un homme politique cambodgien qui fut premier ministre et président de la République khmère. Officier de l armée cambodgienne, il était, dans les années 1960 le leader de la droite cambodgienne et sera plusieurs fois ministre de …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Lon Nol — (1913 1985), fue un militar y político camboyano. Dictador de Camboya (1972 1975), instaurando la república después de derrocar el régimen monárquico de Norodom Sihanuk. Ejerció una política pro occidental para disgusto de los grupos opositores… …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Lon Nol — (1913 1985) homme politique cambodgien. Général, ministre de la Défense (1959 1966), Premier ministre en 1966 1967, puis à partir de 1969; il renversa Norodom Sihanouk en mars 1970, ce qui précipita le Cambodge dans une guerre civile où… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Lon Nol — born Nov. 13, 1913, Prey Vêng, Camb. died Nov. 17, 1985, Fullerton, Calif., U.S. Cambodian military and political leader. A magistrate in the French colonial service, he became successively head of the national police (1951), army chief of staff… …   Universalium

  • Lon Nol — Lọn Nọl,   kambodschanischer General und Politiker, * Kompong Leau (Provinz Preyvang) 13. 11. 1913, ✝ Saint Jude de Dullerton (Calif.) 17. 11. 1985; 1959 66 Verteidigungsminister, 1966 67 und 1969 72 Ministerpräsident. Nach schweren… …   Universal-Lexikon

  • Lon Non — (1930 1975) était un homme politique cambodgien. Frère du Maréchal Lon Nol, même si sa fonction officielle était limité au rôle de responsable de la police du pays il était néanmoins un rouage important de la République khmère de 1970 à 1975. En… …   Wikipédia en Français

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  • Lon Nil — was a Cambodian politician and brother of Prime Minister Lon Nol. While King Norodom Sihanouk was on a trip abroad in Beijing, China, on March 18, 1970, Prince Sirik Matak assisted Prime Minister Lon Nol, in organizing a vote of the National… …   Wikipedia

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