Battle of Umm Diwaykarat

Infobox Military Conflict
conflict=Battle of Umm Diwaykarat
partof=the Mahdist War


date=November 24, 1899
place=Kordofan, Sudan
result=Decisive British/Egyptian victory
combatant1=flagcountry|United Kingdom
flagcountry|Egypt|Ottoman
combatant2=Sudan
commander1=Gen. Francis Reginald Wingate
commander2=Abdallahi ibn Muhammad†
strength1=8,000
strength2=10,000
casualties1=3 killed, 23 wounded
casualties2=1,000 killed and wounded, 3,000 captured

The Battle of Umm Diwaykarat on November 24, 1899 marked the final obliteration of Muhammad Ahmad's short-lived Sudanese empire, when Anglo-Egyptian forces under the command of Lord Kitchener wiped out what was left of the Mahdist armies under the command of the Abdallahi ibn Muhammad, known as the Khalifa, after the equally disastrous Battle of Omdurman a year earlier.

Background

After Omdurman, the defeated Mahdist forces, still 25,000 strong, moved southward from Khartoum to Kordofan. The Mahdists still controlled the territory of Kordofan, Darfur, and lands bordering Ethiopia. In October 1899 the British obtained information that the Khalifa and his forces were among his native Baqqara to the west of Kusti (Kaka) in Kordofan. Kitchener dispatched 8,000 soldiers under command of General F.R. Wingate to intercept him. Wingate marched from Kusti to the mountains of Kordofan, destroyed a Mahdist supply unit, and soon located the Khalifa's camp.

Battle

By this time, the Khalifa's Sudanese forces had retained at least 10,000 people. The Khalifa decided to make a stand against the British rather than to retreat further. During the night Wingate approached the camp from the east and the north sides. At about 5am, the Mahdists began to attack the approaching British, but were driven back by withering fire from Maxim guns. The Khalifa's attempts to rally his men failed, and he soon accepted that all was lost. He called his main leaders to sit with him on a farwa – a yearling skin. According to tradition, defeated Muslim generals who refuse to surrender sit on this skin to wait for death. His guards protected him, but all were mown down by British fire.

The Mahdist losses were around 1,000 killed and wounded. The British captured most of the rest, including Osman, the son of the Khalifa, and a son of Emir Yuni.

Aftermath

The remnants of the Mahdists continued to resist for a short while under Osman Digna, but he was caught in January 1900. The last unoccupied territories of Darfur were captured in 1916.

Bibliography

* Daniel Gazda, "Powstanie Mahdiego 1881-1899" (English: "Mahdi uprising 1881-1899"), (Warsaw: 2004), pages 197-199.