Mogotes de Jumagua

Location of Mogotes de Jumagua in Cuba

The Mogotes de Jumagua are a set of 8 elevated limestone features (Spanish: Mogotes) in the Villa Clara Province of Cuba. They are located within the orographic group Heights of the Northwest in the center-north of the Island of Cuba, two kilometers south-west from the city of Sagua la Grande.

They pinnacles are of Upper Cretaceous age and are fused to each other, presenting enormous caverns. They have great scientific interest due to the enormous concentration of flora and fauna in a relatively reduced area, forming an ecological small barren island. Species in the area are vestige of the old primitive Cuban gold coast forests. It was listed as a nature reserve by the Cuban authorities, protecting an area of 4.79 km² (1.85 sq mi).^[1]

History

Before 1970 Jumagua's Mogotes weren't studied scientifically at all, this year mark the beginning of what can probably be considered one the most important success story for Cuban naturalists and nature lovers. Nnever before Jumagua hills were studied scientifically and had until that moment no apparent interest, so using them as limestone mines was considered a viable economic use. Because the site was only visited by sporadic students or some curious traveler mostly looking for gold (a local legend goes a pirate used the hills to hide a treasure and never came back to claim it) no definition as wildlife refugee, archaeological or speleological site, or any ecological importance was attached to it.

In the 70's however Sabaneque Speleological Group from Sagua la Grande starts the production of a cartographic map of the region along with a flora and fauna catalog of the caverns in the mogotes. They discovered that the small caves were actually subterranean developed system of caverns with lakes and rivers. Numerous rare endemic animals were also discovered, among them a unique pseudo scorpion, not many species of scorpions live in Cuba, local farmers used to say they have spotted a different kind of scorpion that only lived in the Mogotes and the research of the scientist prove this true this fable. Also discovered; giant fisher bat colonies, cave tortoises, blind fishes and crabs, and the American ell Anguilla rostrata. In the case of the ells is also an impressive example of adaptation since this species usually live in the ocean, they move into rivers and lakes only to give birth. Fossils like the disappeared snail Pseudomiltha sp. and a giant rodent (Megalocnus rodens) that once roam Cuban forests were also uncovered. The Megalocnus is so big that is used to be described by paleontologists as the Cuban bear. Last but not least bones and other proof that Cuban indigenous people lived in the area prior to the Spanish conquest.

But the most important species ever re-discovered belongs to the plant kingdom; the forgotten Palmitas de Jumagua (literally Jumagua's little palms) Hemithrinax ekmaniana a thrinax endemic to these hills and unique in the world.

As results of these investigations not only the first maps of its caverns were produced, also the first flora and fauna catalog was made by Sabaneque Speleological group of the whole forest in the mogotes and after claiming one of the most important archaeological sites of the region this little mountains were turn into a Natural Park and saved for future generations.

Local legends

In Afro-Cuban mythology the "mother of waters" is a half serpent half woman creature that lives in rivers and ponds and sometimes use to drown people and cattle into the deep of her realm. Mother of waters sons, the "guijes", are dwarf black kids who also live in ponds surrounded by jungle and use to play pranks on travelers. Jumagua's Mogotes like every small wild place in Cuba is no different and has been attached over centuries with one of the biggest mother of waters ever seen. Farmers back in the 19th century and beginning of the XX claimed to have seen her or seen her tracks in the dirt. Since the legend of the scorpion turn out to be true, finding a rather big snake in the caverns was one of the purposes of Sabaneque Group. There are no big snakes in Cuba, but the premises on which the group bases its research to prove this theory was to consider that a visitor traveling from overseas might have brought an anaconda (or similar snake) since they are very small in juvenile age, and it grew up after in the area using the caves as shelter. But so far they have never found any bones or skin to prove that the snake has ever been in the hills.

Another colorful story involves pirates. According to the story one day a Captain with part of his crew disembark by the Isabella coast and hid the treasure in the mogotes, heading back to the coast he notice his second in command was missing, maybe lost, but very soon the captain, a very smart guy, understood that the second officer actually stayed behind in order to steal the treasure for himself. A shooting developed between the pirates and a band of bandits (probably the XO himself) and the pirates had to head back to coast empty handed. This story, true or not have made lot of locals go and try luck in the hills looking for the lost gold.

Historically what is true fact is all their caves were campings places for run away slaves during the colonialism and for mambi warriors of the "Sagua Brigade" during the independence war of 1895.

References

1. ^ National Protected Areas System of Cuba (2005). "Protected Areas" (in Spanish). http://www.snap.cu/listados.htm. Retrieved 2007-10-10. 

Coordinates: 22°46′17″N 80°07′47″W / 22.77139°N 80.12972°W / 22.77139; -80.12972 (Mogotes de Jumagua)

Mogotes de Junagua, Explorations: [1] Mogotes de Junagua, Faune: [2]