Robert Aickman

Robert Fordyce Aickman (27 June 1914–26 February 1981) was an English conservationist and writer of fiction and nonfiction. As a writer, he is best known for his short supernatural fiction, which he described as "strange stories".

Life

Aickman, born in London, England, was the grandson of the prolific Victorian novelist Richard Marsh (1857–1915), known for his occult novel "The Beetle" (1897), a book as popular in its time as Bram Stoker's "Dracula".

He originally received his training in architecture, the profession of his father, William Arthur Aickman. In the opening lines of Robert Aickman's autobiographical work "The Attempted Rescue", he described his father as "the oddest man I have ever known".

Aickman is probably best remembered for his co-founding of the Inland Waterways Association, a group devoted to restoring and preserving England's inland canal system. One of his co-founders, L. T. C. Rolt, also produced a volume of supernatural tales, entitled "Sleep No More" (London: Constable, 1948). Aickman was married to Edith Ray Gregorson from 1941 to 1957. For a full exposition of the battle for the waterways, David Bolton's book "Race Against Time: How Britain's Waterways Were Saved" (London: Methuen, 1990) is essential, although there are other interpretations.

Interested in the theatre, ballet, and music, Aickman served as a chairman of the London Opera Society and was active in the London Opera Club, the Ballet Minerva, and the Mikron Theatre Company in London.

Aickman died of cancer on 26 February 1981 after refusing to have conventional treatment. His obituary appeared in "The Times" on 28 February 1981.

Writings

Fiction

Altogether, twelve collections of what Aickman called his "strange stories" have now been published. Of these, eight are original collections and four are reprint collections (one of which—"Painted Devils"—consists of revised versions of stories which had appeared in earlier volumes). The original collections are:

* "We Are for the Dark: Six Ghost Stories", London: Jonathan Cape, 1951 (a collection containing three stories by Elizabeth Jane Howard and three by Aickman)
* "Dark Entries: Curious and Macabre Ghost Stories", London: Collins, 1964
* "Powers of Darkness: Macabre Stories", London: Collins, 1966
* "Sub Rosa: Strange Tales", London: Victor Gollancz, 1968
* "Cold Hand in Mine: Eight Strange Stories", London: Victor Gollancz, 1975
* "Tales of Love and Death", London: Victor Gollancz, 1977
* "Intrusions: Strange Tales", London: Victor Gollancz, 1980
* "Night Voices: Strange Stories", London: Victor Gollancz, 1985

The reprint collections are:

* "Painted Devils: Strange Stories", New York: Scribner's, 1979 (revised stories)
* "The Wine-Dark Sea", New York: Arbor House/William Morrow, 1988
* "The Unsettled Dust", London: Mandarin, 1990
* "The Collected Strange Stories", Carlton-in-Coverdale: Tartarus/Durtro, 1999 (two volumes)

Several of Aickman's short story collections published during his lifetime featured dust jacket drawings by the gothic illustrator Edward Gorey.

Aickman's longer works include "The Late Breakfasters" (London: Victor Gollancz, 1964) and "The Model: A Novel of the Fantastic" (New York: Arbor House, 1987), the latter a novella which had remained unpublished in his lifetime. Another novel, "Go Back at Once", remains unpublished.

Awards

In 1975, Aickman received the World Fantasy Award for short fiction for his story "Pages from a Young Girl's Journal". This story had originally appeared in February 1973 in "The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction"; it was reprinted in the collection "Cold Hand in Mine".

In 1981, the year of his death, Aickman was awarded the British Fantasy Award for his story "The Stains", which had first appeared in the anthology "New Terrors" (London: Pan, 1980), edited by his friend Ramsey Campbell. It subsequently appeared, posthumously, in the last original collection of Aickman's short stories, "Night Voices".

In 2000, the Tartarus Press compilation "The Collected Strange Stories" won the British Fantasy Award for best collection.

Nonfiction

Aickman's autobiographical writing consists of "The Attempted Rescue" (London: Victor Gollancz, 1966) and "The River Runs Uphill: A Story of Success and Failure" (Burton-on-Trent: Pearson, 1986). He also wrote "The Story of Our Inland Waterways" (London: Pitman, 1955).

For a time, Aickman served as theatre critic for "The Nineteenth Century and After". His reviews remain, to date, uncollected in book form.

Unpublished writings

Aickman wrote the plays "Allowance For Error", "Duty", and "The Golden Round", none of which has yet been published. Two further books, a vast philosophical work entitled "Panacea" (running to over 1000 pages in manuscript form) and the novel "Go Back at Once", have also never seen publication. Copies of these items are preserved, along with all of Aickman's other remaining papers, in the Robert Aickman Collection at Bowling Green State University, Ohio.

Career as editor

In addition to his own stories, Aickman edited the first eight volumes of the "Fontana Book of Great Ghost Stories" between 1964 and 1972, selecting six of his own stories for inclusion over the course of the series (the fourth and sixth volumes lack one of his tales). He also supplied an insightful introduction in every volume except the sixth.

Recent interest

The most detailed biographical and critical study is Gary William Crawford's "Robert Aickman: An Introduction" (Gothic Press, 2003). Crawford has also compiled an [http://www.delamareaickman.com/rabd.html online database] of works about Aickman.

A critical essay on Aickman's fiction appears in S. T. Joshi's book "The Modern Weird Tale" (2001). Christopher Barker contributed a detailed essay entitled "The Stains: Robert Aickman's Swan Song" to an issue of "Supernatural Tales" in 2003, in which he argued that the story possesses many autobiographical elements, including references to Elizabeth Jane Howard. Articles by various other authors have appeared on the website [http://www.prairienet.org/~almahu/ Robert Aickman: An Appreciation] , and in the journals "Studies in Weird Fiction" (published by Necronomicon Press), "All Hallows" (published by the Ghost Story Society) and "Wormwood".

The original collections of short stories are quite scarce, though copies of the U.S. edition of "Cold Hand In Mine"—illustrated by Edward Gorey—are very plentiful. Most of his best tales can be found in the equally affordable collections "The Wine Dark Sea", "Painted Devils", and "The Unsettled Dust".

In 2001, Tartarus Press reissued the first volume of Aickman's autobiography, "The Attempted Rescue", in a new edition with a foreword by the writer and Aickman enthusiast Jeremy Dyson of the British comedy quartet The League of Gentlemen.

A previously unpublished short story, "The Fully Conducted Tour", appeared in the Tartarus Press periodical "Wormwood" in 2005.

Adaptations

In 1968, a television adaptation of "Ringing the Changes", retitled "The Bells of Hell", appeared on the obscure BBC 2 program "Late Night Horror". The first radio adaptation of "Ringing the Changes", appeared on the CBC Radio drama series "Nightfall" on 31 October 1980.

A 1997 adaptation of "The Swords", directed by Tony Scott, appeared as the first episode of the cable original horror anthology series "The Hunger" (not the same as Scott's film of the same name).

Jeremy Dyson has adapted Aickman's work into drama in a number of forms. A musical staging of the Aickman short story "The Same Dog", which Dyson co-wrote the libretto for with Joby Talbot, premiered in 2000 at the Barbican Concert Hall. Also in 2000, with his League of Gentleman partner, Mark Gatiss, he adapted into a BBC Radio Four radio play Aickman's short story "Ringing the Changes". (This aired exactly twenty years after the CBC adaptation, on Halloween, 2000.) Dyson also directed a 2002 short film based on Aickman's story "The Cicerones", with Gatiss as the principal actor.

Quotes

*"I think that Aickman is one of those authors that you respond to on a very primal level. If you're a writer, it's a bit like being a stage magician. A stage magician produces coin, takes coin, demonstrates coin vanished...That tends to be what you do as a fiction writer, reading fiction. You'll go, "Oh look. He's setting that up."...Reading Robert Aickman is like watching a magician work, and very often I'm not even sure what the trick was. All I know is that he did it beautifully. Yes, the key vanished, but I don't know if he was holding a key in the hand to begin with. I find myself admiring everything he does from an auctorial standpoint. And I love it as a reader. He will bring on atmosphere. He will construct these perfect, dark, doomed little stories, what he called "strange stories."" :*-Neil Gaiman, pg 185 of "The Neil Gaiman Reader"

References

*cite encyclopedia| author = R. Reginald| encyclopedia = Science Fiction and Fantasy Literature, v. 2: Contemporary Science Fiction Authors II| title = Robert Aickman| year = 1979| publisher = Gale Research Company| volume = 2| pages = 791| id = ISBN 0-8103-1051-1

ee also

*List of horror fiction authors

External links

* [http://www.aickman.com/ Robert Aickman general information and visual bibliography]
* [http://www.prairienet.org/~almahu/ Robert Aickman: An Appreciation]
* [http://home.epix.net/~wallison/ra.html The Works of Robert Aickman]
* [http://www.delamareaickman.com/rabd.html Robert Aickman database]
* [http://hauntedriver.co.uk/page35a.html Analysis Of Aickman's last story, "The Stains"]
*isfdb name
*iblist name|id=5988|name=Robert Aickman
* [http://www.the-mausoleum-club.org.uk/Index/Gazette/Bells%20of%20Hell%20(The).pdf The Bells Of Hell - comprehensive article on this missing-believed-wiped TV adaptation] (NB: PDF document)
* [http://www.channel4.com/film/reviews/film.jsp?id=111131&section=crew The Cicerones - watch the Channel 4 adaptation online]

Persondata
NAME=Aickman, Robert Fordyce
ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
SHORT DESCRIPTION=British fantasy and horror writer
DATE OF BIRTH=June 27, 1914
PLACE OF BIRTH=London, England, United Kingdom
DATE OF DEATH=February 26, 1981
PLACE OF DEATH=