- Tierra helada
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Tierra helada (Spanish for frozen land) is a term used in Latin America to refer to the highest places found within the Andes mountains.
Tierra helada is for the Montane grasslands and shrublands, Sunis, Punas and Paramos between the Treeline and the Snow line. The term "Tierra nevada" is accurate from a climatological standpoint, as its land is indeed "frozen," situated above the snow line. In the northern Andes, the latter is located at an altitude of approximately 15,000 ft (or about 4,500 m).[1][2][3][4]
The peruvian geograph Javier Pulgar Vidal (Altitudinal zonation) used following altitudes:
- 1,000 m as the border between the Tropical Rain forest and the Subtropical Cloud forest
- 2,300 m as the end of the Subtropical Cloud forest (Yunga fluvial)
- 3,500 m as the Treeline
- 4,800 m as the Puna end [5]
See also
- Köppen climate classification
- Altitudinal zonation
- Tierra caliente, Ecoregion border: 2,500 ft or 1,000 m (Javier Pulgar Vidal)
- Tierra templada, Ecoregion border: 6,000 ft or 2,300 m (Javier Pulgar Vidal)
- Tierra fria, Ecoregion border, Treeline: 12,000 ft or 3,500 m (Javier Pulgar Vidal)
Literature
- ^ Brigitta Schütt (2005); Azonale Böden und Hochgebirgsböden
- ^ Zech, W. and Hintermaier-Erhard, G. (2002); Böden der Welt – Ein Bildatlas, Heidelberg, p. 98.
- ^ Christopher Salter, Joseph Hobbs, Jesse Wheeler and J. Trenton Kostbade (2005); Essentials of World Regional Geography 2nd Edition. NY: Harcourt Brace. p.464-465.
- ^ [1]
- ^ Pulgar Vidal, Javier: Geografía del Perú; Las Ocho Regiones Naturales del Perú. Edit. Universo S.A., Lima 1979. First Edition (his dissertation of 1940): Las ocho regiones naturales del Perú, Boletín del Museo de historia natural „Javier Prado“, n° especial, Lima, 1941, 17, pp. 145-161.
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