- Jaffna Nagas
The Northern part of the
Indian Ocean 's Island (today'sSri Lanka ) throve during the Naga Kingdom from 6th century BC to the middle of the 3rd century AD.The Jaffna Nagas
Naga people were ofTibeto-Burman origin, migrated to India in 4000 BC, driven by some political disturbances fromCentral Asia through the North Eastern frontier of the Himalayan mountain range. The Nagas were a prominent non-Aryan and non-Dravidian race inIndia and their names are still extant in various parts of India.The Nagas were dependent on the sea for their living and established trade with India, and developed art and culture. They also worshipedserpent s, which is in the icon ofLord Siva . Countries in South East Asia which have ancientIndianized Kingdoms have Naga origin. Cambodia claims origins from a Naga princess and a Hindu sage called Kaundinya. Kingdoms ofKheda ,Kediri ,Funan ,Langkasoka , andChampa have Naga origins.The Naga Kingdom was flourishing in various parts of the North of Island and the Jaffna Peninsula. Naga means East. It is said that Lord Buddha visited Jaffna to resolve a crisis over a jewel between the Naga chieftains and introduced
Buddhism to them.Archeological findings in Kantharodai, Nagadeepa, Nagar Kovil andVallipuram areas in the Jaffna Peninsula are evidence to prove the existence of Buddhism. Long before Buddhism crept into some areas of the Jaffna peninsula the Nagas who lived in Jaffna were worshiping Lord Shiva. The Nagas were good sea traders andPtolemy , the famous Greek-speakinggeographer andastronomer who lived in RomanEgypt between 85 A.D. and 165 A.D. and travelled around the world observed that one of the oldest seaports of the Island was in the Northern part of the Jaffna Peninsula and was used since 6th century B.C.Yakshapatnam or Yashapatnam may be the origin of Yazhpatnam and later Yazhpanam. It means 'the City of the Yakshas'. Similar names are also found nearby. Eg: Iyakkachi, Nagar Kovil, and Nagapatnam.
Yakshas , atribal group also were living in isolation with Nagas together in the Jaffna Peninsula. Yakkas meanYaksha and most probably they are the Negritoid people who lived along the western coast. Both Yakshas and Nagas are mentioned inMahabharatham andRamayana and they not only lived in Lanka, but also throughout South Asia. As such Nagas fromNagaland are also linked very much to these Nagas and they are mostly of South East Asian origin.The ‘Yakkas’, possibly early immigrants to the Island, were numerous and very powerful, and held themselves aloof and confined themselves mostly to the mountain fastnesses of the North- Central region of the Island, whereas the 'Nagas' confined themselves to the seaboard. Ptolemy called the
Mahaweli River as "Phasis fluvius", which means the Persian river, indicating that the Yakkas who dwelt there, were connected to thePersia . This place now is called Pasi Kudah and is a tourist resort which may have been an ancient seaport. The river he mentions is most probably the longitudinal lagoon which extends for hundreds of miles parallel to the seashore along the coast.Kuveni was the queen of Yakkhas and became the consort ofPrince Vijaya (B.C. 543-504) who eventually became the first Indo-Aryan king of Sri Lanka with theKalinga ancestry. Later he married a princess from theDravidian Kingdom of Pandy inSouth India .Though the Nagas ruled the North of the Island, a formal Jaffna Kingdom came into being by the ambitions of two chieftains, one
Kalinga Magha from Orissa, India and Chandrabhanu fromMalacca in the Malay Straits region ofMalaysia .In 1215 the aggressive Kalinga Maga conquered Sri Lanka with his powerful army from Kalinga. Kalinga was an ancient Indo – Aryan Kingdom of central-eastern India, in the province of
Orissa . The kingdom had a formidable maritimeempire with trading routes linkingSri Lanka ,Burma ,Thailand ,Vietnam ,Borneo ,Bali ,Sumatra andJava . Colonists from Kalinga settled in far away places such as Sri Lanka, Burma as well as theIndonesia narchipelago . Even today Indians are referred to as "Klings" in Malaysia because of the early Indian invasions from Kalinga into Malaysia.Many Sri Lankan kings, both Sinhalese and Tamil, claimed to have descended from Kalingadynasties .The Yakkas and Nagas might have become the
outcasts as [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/bondsmen bondsmen] andslaves , after the Indo-Aryan immigrants conquered them and became thelords andaristocrats . And finally they might have assimilated within thedominant society. The Nagas'religious practices are still prevailing among some people on the island. They have a great faith on serpents and worship by offering milk and eggs. Still they don't keepGaruda (Falcon )'s pictures at home as the Garudas haveeternal enmity towards serpents. InIndia , thedemi-god tribe calledSuparnas (in which Garuda belonged) was arch-rivals of the Nagas. Thecustoms and practices of the Nagas are still prevailing among a section of Sinhalese who were assimilated originally from Nagas in various parts of the Island.References
* [http://72.14.235.104/search?q=cache:E3FV9rcWc0QJ:www.rootsweb.com/~lkawgw/jaffna.html+jaffna+naga&hl=en&gl=lk&ct=clnk&cd=19 THE JAFFNA PENINSULAR]
* [http://72.14.235.104/search?q=cache:RhlNi8BqF50J:www.lankalibrary.com/phpBB/viewtopic.php%3Fp%3D1348%26sid%3Dbc6f029ca5e8ab5b7a0f68159c9a858f+jaffna+naga&hl=en&gl=lk&ct=clnk&cd=11 LankaLibrary Forum]
* [http://72.14.235.104/search?q=cache:QUeXqwiJKBQJ:www.metta.lk/temples/historical-temples/16-Places-of-Venaration.htm+jaffna+naga&hl=en&gl=lk&ct=clnk&cd=30 The 16 PLACES OF VENERATION]
* [http://72.14.235.104/search?q=cache:XheYPgTc2N0J:www.sundayobserver.lk/2002/11/17/fea11.html+jaffna+naga&hl=en&gl=lk&ct=clnk&cd=38 Sojourn in Jaffna : A traveller's paradise]
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* [http://72.14.235.104/search?q=cache:zsMZjFL--O0J:www.geotamil.com/ctamils/chapter1_nallur.html+jaffna+naga&hl=en&gl=lk&ct=clnk&cd=50 Nallur Rajadhani: City Layout]
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* [http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankaculture/lordbuddhainsrilanka.htm+jaffna+naga&hl=en&gl=lk&ct=clnk&cd=69 Lord Buddha's three visits]
* [http://72.14.235.104/search?q=cache:Jqk7HShEs0kJ:www.tamilcanadian.com/northeastern_herald/pageview.php%3FID%3D1999%26SID%3D407%26pr_v%3Dyes+jaffna+yakka&hl=en&gl=lk&ct=clnk&cd=11 The story of Lanka: sifting facts from folklore and legend]
* [http://72.14.235.104/search?q=cache:tzOnoHaLpGMJ:www.sundayobserver.lk/2002/06/23/mag07.html+jaffna+yakka&hl=en&gl=lk&ct=clnk&cd=50 The Horizon]
* [http://72.14.235.104/search?q=cache:HcuT2R0331IJ:members.cox.net/wgunasegaram/ch2.htm+jaffna+yakka&hl=en&gl=lk&ct=clnk&cd=69 THE VIJAYAN LEGEND AND THE ARYAN MYTH]
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