St. Cyril's Monastery

St. Cyril's Monastery ( _uk. Кирилівський монастир, translit. "Kyrylivs’kyi monastyr") is a medieval monastery in Kiev, the capital of Ukraine. The monastery contains the famous St. Cyril's Church, an important specimen of Kievan Rus' architecture of the 12th century, and combining elements of the 17th and 19th centuries. However, being largely Ukrainian Baroque on the outside, the church retains its original Kievan Rus' interior.

History

St. Cyril's Monastery was founded in 1140 by Vsevolod Olgovich, the Kniaz' ("prince") of Chernigov, in the Dorohozhychi neighbourhood of Kiev and named after his heavenly protector, Cyril of Alexandria.cite book | first=Ruta | last =Malikenaite | year=2003 | title=Guildebook: Touring Kyiv | publisher=Baltia Druk | location=Kyiv | id=ISBN 966-96041-3-3] In the second half of the 12th century, Princess Maria, Vsevolod's widow, built the stone church of St. Cyril, which served as an ancestral burial place of the Olgovichi family.cite book | first=Ruta | last=Malikenaite | year=2003 | title= Guildebook: Touring Kyiv | publisher=Baltia Druk | location=Kyiv | id=ISBN 966-96041-3-3]

The monastery suffered a harsh fire in 1734, which was later reconstructed by the Ukrainian architect Ivan Hryhorovych-Barskyi during 1750–1760. His reconstruction works also included the addition of masonry walls enclosing the monastery's courtyard, a picturesque corner tower and gate, and other monastic buildings.

In 1787, St. Cyril's Monastery was closed by the Tsarist Government and its living quarters were converted into a hospital ("St. Cyril's Hospital") and was later transformed into an insane asylum, which lasted until the mid-late 20th century in Soviet Ukraine.cite book | first=Titus D. | last=Hewryk | year=1982 | title= The Lost Architecture of Kiev | |url= http://oldkyiv.kiev.ua/index2.htm | publisher=The Ukrainian Museum | location=New York | id=ASIN: B0006E9KPQ ("Out of print")]

On May 8, 1929, the Council of Commisars of the Ukrainian SSR proclaimed St. Cyril's Monastery as a monument of historic significance and ordered that a "preservation district" be established.cite book | first=Alla Mikhailovna | last=Fedchenko | year=1977 | title=St. Cyril's Church | publisher=Mistetstvo | location=Kiev | id= ] However, at the same time, the monastery's church was closed to worship and it was prepared for transformation into a museum. The monastery's belfry was to hold a museum dedicated to Ivan Hryhorovych-Barskyi.cite book | first=Titus D. | last=Hewryk | year=1982 | title=The Lost Architecture of Kiev | |url= http://oldkyiv.kiev.ua/index2.htm | publisher=The Ukrainian Museum | location=New York | id=ASIN: B0006E9KPQ ("Out of print")] Like the many other numerous state protection districts throughout the Ukrainian SSR, the St. Cyril's complex was owned by the People's Commisariat of Education.

Pursuant to legislation passed by the Verkhovna Rada in June 1936, the Commisariat of Education had to grant permission for the dismantlement of the St. Cyril's Monastic structures.cite book | first=Titus D. | last=Hewryk | year=1982 | title=The Lost Architecture of Kiev | |url= http://oldkyiv.kiev.ua/index2.htm | publisher=The Ukrainian Museum | location=New York | id=ASIN: B0006E9KPQ ("Out of print")] According to the former curator of the St. Cyril State Preservation District, the monastic walls, gates, one coner tower and the belfry were dismantled for their brick material in 1937.cite book | first=Titus D. | last=Hewryk | year= 1982 | title=The Lost Architecture of Kiev | |url= http://oldkyiv.kiev.ua/index2.htm | publisher=The Ukrainian Museum | location=New York | id=ASIN: B0006E9KPQ ("Out of print")]

St. Cyril's Church, including the medieval interiour frescoes and the 1880s murals by the famous Russian painter Mikhail Vrubel, were fortunately preserved. The remaining constructions of the complex, the rest of the monastic walls, one corner tower (""), and two buildings constructed by Barskyi were also preserved.cite book | first=Titus D. | last=Hewryk | year=1982 | title=The Lost Architecture of Kiev | |url= http://oldkyiv.kiev.ua/index2.htm | publisher=The Ukrainian Museum | location=New York | id=ASIN: B0006E9KPQ ("Out of print")] Of the monastery's cemetery, only two 18th century graves remained.cite book | first=Titus D. | last=Hewryk | year=1982 | title= The Lost Architecture of Kiev | |url= http://oldkyiv.kiev.ua/index2.htm | publisher=The Ukrainian Museum | location=New York | id=ASIN: B0006E9KPQ ("Out of print")]

In 1965, the Church became a branch of the National Sanctuary "Sophia of Kiev", allowing for major restorations as well as historical documentation to begin. [cite web|url= http://www.sophia.org.ua/rus/kirilivskay3.html | title=Kirillovskaya tserkov |accessdate= | accessmonthday=January 7 |accessyear=2007 | author= |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors=Zhukovsky A |work=Sophia Kievskaya |language=Russian ] Since the late 1990s, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church has been allowed to conduct regular services inside the structure.

Buildings

t. Cyril's Church

St. Cyril's Church ( _uk. Кирилівська церква, translit. "Kyrylivs’ka tserkva") is a rectangular-shaped structure with three apses jutting out on the eastern side. The church's dome and vaults rest upon six cruciform piers. A staircase built into the north wall leads up to the gallery in the western section. On this side there is also a chapel - a rare feature of ancient Kievan Rus' churches.cite book | first=Alla Mikhailovna | last=Fedchenko | year=1977 | title=St. Cyril's Church | publisher=Mistetstvo | location=Kiev | id= ] The baptistery and the niches of the narthex are other uncommon features. Originally, each of the vaults was roofed with plates of sheet steel.

Throughout the centuries, the church suffered more than once from devastating enemy raids and a devastating fire in 1734. The church was restored and reconstructed many times, altering its original appearance. As St. Cyril's Church is located within the contemporary limits of Kiev, the church is the only medieval church structure that survived until the 20th century without any major additions.cite book | first=Titus D. | last=Hewryk | year=1982 | title=The Lost Architecture of Kiev | |url= http://oldkyiv.kiev.ua/index2.htm | publisher=The Ukrainian Museum | location=New York | id=ASIN: B0006E9KPQ ("Out of print")] The current exterior of the church was shaped during restoration works carried out during 1750–1760, by the Ukrainian architect Ivan Hryhorovych-Barskyi. Although containing elements of Ukrainian Baroque on the exterior, the interior remains largely unchanged from its original style.

Belfry

Of the monastic buildings Ivan Hryhorovych-Barskyi constructed within the monastery, his most important construction was a free standing belfry, built in 1760.cite book | first=Titus D. | last=Hewryk | year=1982 | title=The Lost Architecture of Kiev | |url= http://oldkyiv.kiev.ua/index2.htm | publisher=The Ukrainian Museum | location=New York | id=ASIN: B0006E9KPQ ("Out of print")] The belfry combined the idea of a tall campanile with a gate on the ground level and a chapel on the belfry's second tier. The two lower levels of the belfry had some elements of a Ukrainian tripartite church, consisting with the belltower placed over the central part of the nave.cite book | first=Titus D. | last=Hewryk | year=1982 | title=The Lost Architecture of Kiev | |url= http://oldkyiv.kiev.ua/index2.htm | publisher=The Ukrainian Museum | location=New York | id=ASIN: B0006E9KPQ ("Out of print")] This architectural combination in a belfry with two apse-like lower elements on each side. The original roof above the belfry's chapel was a stepped-hipped roof, which was popular at the time.cite book | first=Titus D. | last=Hewryk | year=1982 | title=The Lost Architecture of Kiev | |url= http://oldkyiv.kiev.ua/index2.htm | publisher=The Ukrainian Museum | location=New York | id=ASIN: B0006E9KPQ ("Out of print")] After the fire of 1849, the roof's over the chapel and the cupola were modified from the original. After the Ukrainian SSR's decision on the demolition of the belfry in 1936, the belfry was destroyed a year later, to be used as bricks in construction projects.

References

External links

* [http://www.oldkyiv.org.ua/data/kirill_ch.php?lang=en Kiev History Site] - St. Kirill Church
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* [http://interesniy.kiev.ua/old/reestr/fotokvest/kirill_tserkov interesniy.kiev.ua] - St. Cyril's Church, middle of 12th century ru icon
* [http://www.interesniy.kiev.ua/old/relig/istoria_kyrylivka interesniy.kiev.ua] - History and legends of St. Cyril's Church uk icon
* [http://www.sophia.org.ua/rus/kirilivskay.html Sophia Kievskaya] - Information from the museum's page and a photo gallery. uk icon/ru icon
* [http://www.sobory.ru/article/index.html?object=01667 Sobory.ru] - Some photos ru icon