Milton Mayer

Milton Sanford Mayer (August 24, 1908 - April 20, 1986), a journalist and educator, was best known for his long-running column in The Progressive magazine, founded by Robert Marion LaFollette, Sr in Madison, Wisconsin.

Biography

Mayer, raised a Reform Jew, was born in Chicago, the son of Morris Samuel Mayer and Louise (Gerson). He graduated from Englewood High School, where he received a classical education with an emphasis on Latin and languages.^[1] He studied at the University of Chicago from 1925 to 1928 but did not earn a degree; he told the Saturday Evening Post in 1942 that he was "placed on permanent probation in 1928 for throwing beer bottles out a dormitory window."^[2] He was a reporter for the Associated Press (1928-29), the Chicago Evening Post, and the Chicago Evening American.^[3]

During his stint at the Post he married his first wife Bertha Tepper (the couple had two daughters). In 1945 they were divorced, and two years later Mayer married Jane Scully, whom he referred to as "Baby" in his magazine columns.

At various times, he taught at the University of Chicago, the University of Massachusetts, and the University of Louisville, as well as universities abroad. He was also a consultant to the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions.

Mayer's most influential book was probably They Thought They Were Free: The Germans, 1933-45, a study of the lives of a group of ordinary Germans under the Third Reich, first published in 1955 by the University of Chicago Press. (Mayer became a member of the Religious Society of Friends or Quakers while he was researching this book in Germany in 1950; he did not reject his Jewish birth and heritage.) At various times, he taught at the University of Chicago, the University of Massachusetts, and the University of Louisville, as well as universities abroad. He was also a consultant to the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions.

Mayer is also the author of What Can a Man Do? (Univ. of Chicago Press) and is the co-author, with Mortimer Adler, of The Revolution in Education (Univ. of Chicago Press).

Mayer died in 1986 in Carmel, California, where he and his second wife made their home. Milton had one brother, Howie Mayer, who was the Chicago journalist that broke the Leopold and Loeb case.

Controversies

He first gained widespread attention in an October 7, 1939 article in the Saturday Evening Post, entitled "I Think I'll Sit This One Out." He detailed that the approaching war would yield more harm than good because it did not deal with what he saw as the fundamental problem, "the animality in man." When he followed this piece up with one two and a half years later in the same journal called "The Case against the Jew," he opened the flood gates; letters flowed in attacking him as an anti-Semite, even though the article was sympathetic to the suffering of the Jews in Germany, saying that an old man spat on in a train "was prepared for suffering because he had something worth suffering for."

Before a group at a War Resisters League dinner in 1944, he denied being a pacifist, even while admitting that he was a conscientious objector to the present conflict. He opted for a moral revolution, one that was anti-capitalistic because it would be anti-materialist. About this time, he began promoting that moral revolution with his regular monthly column in the Progressive, for which he wrote the rest of his life. His essays often provoked controversy for their insistence that human beings should assume personal responsibility for the world they were creating. In 1968, he signed the “Writers and Editors War Tax Protest” pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War.^[4]

In the mid-1950s, along with Bayard Rustin, he served on the committee that wrote the Quaker pamphlet, Speak Truth to Power (1955), the most influential pacifist pamphlet published in the United States; Mayer is credited with suggesting the title of this seminal work. During the 1960s, he challenged the government's refusal to grant him a passport when he refused to sign the loyalty oath then required by the State Department. Following the Supreme Court's declaration that the relevant portion of the McCarran Act was unconstitutional, Mayer got his passport.

References

1. ^ Ingle, "Milton Mayer, Quaker Hedgehog."
2. ^ Ingle, "Milton Mayer, Quaker Hedgehog."
3. ^ Julius Schwartz, Solomon Aaron Kaye, and John Simons, Who's Who in American Jewry Vol. 3 (Jewish Biographical Bureau, 1939).
4. ^ “Writers and Editors War Tax Protest” January 30, 1968 New York Post

Sources

• H. Larry Ingle, "Milton Mayer, Quaker Hedgehog," Quaker Theology #8 (Spring-Summer 2003).

Works Online

• Claus Bernet (2007). Bautz, Traugott. ed (in German). Milton Mayer. Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). 28. Nordhausen. cols. 1091–1094. ISBN 3-88309-413-7. http://www.bautz.de/bbkl/m/mayer_m_s.shtml.shtml. 
• Extract from They Thought They Were Free
• Robert Maynard Hutchins: A Memoir

Persondata
Name	Mayer, Milton
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	August 24, 1908
Place of birth
Date of death	April 20, 1986
Place of death