- Paternal age effect
The paternal age effect describes the influence that a father's age has on the chances of conferring a
genetic defect to his offspring. Generally, older men have a greater probability of fathering children with a genetic defect than younger men do. This is seen as likely due to genetic copying errors which may increase in number after repeatedspermatogenesis cycles over a man's lifetime.Disorders correlated with paternal age
Achondroplasia (dwarfism); craniofacial disorders such asApert syndrome andCrouzon Syndrome ; mental retardation of unknown etiologies;autism ;bipolar disorder ; and 25% ofschizophrenia cases are correlated with advanced paternal age.Other disorders related to advanced paternal age are:
*Wilms' tumor
*Thanatophoric dysplasia
*Retinitis pigmentosa
*Osteogenesis imperfecta type IIA
*Acrodysostosis
*Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva
*Aniridia
* Bilateralretinoblastoma
* Multiple exostoses
*Marfan Syndrome
*Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
*Pfeiffer Syndrome
*Wardenburg Syndrome
*Treacher-Collins Syndrome
*Soto’s basal cell nevus
*Cleidocranial dysostosis
*Polyposis coli
*Oculodentodigital syndrome
*Costello syndrome
*Progeria
* Recklinghausen’s neurofibromatosis
*Tuberous sclerosis
*Polycystic kidney disease
*Hemophilia A
*Duchenne muscular dystrophy
*Athetoid Cerebral Palsy
*Dystonic Cerebral Palsy
*Congenital Hemiplegia
*Down syndrome
*Bipolar disorder References
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*cite journal | author = Bertram L, Busch R, Spiegl M, Lautenschlager NT, Müller U, Kurz A | title = Paternal age is a risk factor for Alzheimer disease in the absence of a major gene | journal = Neuroscience | volume = 1 | issue = 4 | url = http://www.springerlink.com/content/j2xvhj1r9c4vyh6h/ | pages = 277–80 | year = 1998 | doi = 10.1007/s100480050041
*cite journal | author = Sipos A, Rasmussen F, Harrison G, Tynelius P, Lewis G, Leon DA, Gunnell D | title = Paternal age and schizophrenia: a population based (sic) cohort study | journal = BMJ Online | url = http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/bmj.38243.672396.55v1 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15501901
*cite web | title = DNA repair activity linked to paternal age effect | url = http://www.uthscsa.edu/opa/issues/new33-32/graduate.htm | publisher = University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio | date = 2000-08-28
*cite journal | author = Bray I, Gunnell D, Smith GD | title = Advanced paternal age: How old is too old? | journal = Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health | volume = 60 | url = http://jech.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/60/10/851 | pages = 851–3 | year = 2006 | doi = 10.1136/jech.2005.045179
*cite journal | author = Montgomery SM, Lambe M, Tomas O, Ekbom A | title = Paternal age, family size, and risk of multiple sclerosis | journal = Epidemiology | volume = 15 | issue = 6 | url = http://www.epidem.com/pt/re/epidemiology/abstract.00001648-200411000-00011.htm;jsessionid=FTyPmJX2pQ0vndYv7JDFBhGxjJJcM6NbJ7XTtxh2LWfyx6nMnGGv!-2083468996!-949856145!8091!-1 | pages = 717–23 | year = 2004 | doi = 10.1097/01.ede.0000142138.46167.69
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*cite web | author = Sanders L | title = College scientist named Ellison Senior Scholar | publisher = University of Southern California College of Letters, Arts & Sciences | url = http://www.usc.edu/schools/college/news/december_2005/arnheim.html | date = 2005
*cite journal | author = Fisch H, Hyun G, Golden R, Hensle TW, Olsson CA, Liberson GL | title = The influence of paternal age on down syndrome (sic) | journal = J Urol | volume = 169 | issue = 6 | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12771769&dopt=Abstract | pages = 2275–8 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12771769 | doi = 10.1097/01.ju.0000067958.36077.d8
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*cite journal | author = Singh NP, Muller CH, Berger RE | title = Effects of age on DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis in human sperm | journal = Fertility and sterility | volume = 80 | issue = 6 | url = http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=15380275 | pages = 1420–30 | year = 2003 | doi = 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.04.002
*cite journal | author = Lauritsen MB, Pedersen CB, Mortensen PB | title = Effects of familial risk factors and place of birth on the risk of autism: a nationwide register-based study | journal = J Child Psychol Psychiatry | volume = 46 | issue = 9 | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=16108999&query_hl=2&itool=pubmed_docsum | pages = 963–71 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16108999 | doi = 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00391.x
*cite journal | author = Wohl M, Gorwood P | title = Paternal ages below or above 35 years old are associated with a different risk of schizophrenia in the offspring | journal = Eur Psychiatry | volume = 22 | issue = 1 | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=17142012&query_hl=13&itool=pubmed_docsum | pages = 22–6 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17142012 | doi = 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2006.08.007
*cite web | title = Schizophrenia Research Forum: Current Hypotheses | url = http://www.schizophreniaforum.org/for/curr/Malaspina/default.asp | date = 2006-03-28
*cite journal | author = Choi J-Y, Lee K-M, Park SK, Noh D-Y, Ahn S-H, Yoo K-Y, Kang D | title = Association of paternal age at birth and the risk of breast cancer in offspring: a case control study | journal = BMC Cancer | volume = 5 | url = http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1291359 | pages = 143 | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2407-5-143
*cite web | title = NW Andrology & Cryobank | url = http://www.nwcryobank.com/donor_standards.html
*cite journal | author = Croen LA, Najjar DV, Fireman B, Grether JK | title = Maternal and paternal age and risk of autism spectrum disorders | journal = Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine | volume = 161 | issue = 4 | url = http://archpedi.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/short/161/4/334 | pages = 334–40 | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1001/archpedi.161.4.334
*cite journal | author = Tarin JJ, Brines J, Cano A | title = Long-term effects of delayed parenthood | journal = Human Reproduction | volume = 13 | issue = 9 | url = http://humrep.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/13/9/2371 | pages = 2371–6 | year = 1998 | doi = 10.1093/humrep/13.9.2371External links
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