Thromboxane

Thromboxane

Thromboxane is a member of the family of lipids known as eicosanoids. The two major thromboxanes are thromboxane A2 and thromboxane B2.

Thromboxane is named for its role in clot formation (thrombosis).

Production

It is produced in platelets by thromboxane-A synthase from the endoperoxides produced by the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme from arachidonic acid.

Mechanism

Thromboxane acts by binding to any of the thromboxane receptors, G-protein coupled receptors coupled to the G protein Gq [ [http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=185246 Rat kidney thromboxane receptor: molecular cloning, signal ...] ] .

Functions

Thromboxane is a vasoconstrictor and a potent hypertensive agent, and it facilitates platelet aggregation.

It is in homeostatic balance in the circulatory system with prostacyclin, a related compound.The mechanism of secretion of thromboxanes from platelets is still unclear.

Role of A2 in platelet aggregation

Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), produced by activated platelets, has prothrombotic properties, stimulating activation of new platelets as well as increasing platelet aggregation.

Platelet aggregation is achieved by mediating expression of the glycoprotein complex GP IIb/IIIa in the cell membrane of platelets. Circulating fibrinogen binds these receptors on adjacent platelets, further strengthening the clot.

Pathology

It is believed that the vasoconstriction caused by thromboxanes plays a role in Prinzmetal's angina.

uppression

The widely used drug aspirin acts by inhibiting the ability of the COX enzyme to synthesize the precursors of thromboxane within platelets. Low-dose, long-term aspirin use irreversibly blocks the formation of thromboxane A2 in platelets, producing an inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation. This anticoagulant property makes aspirin useful for reducing the incidence of heart attacks. [ [http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4456] American Heart Association: "Aspirin in Heart Attack and Stroke Prevention" "The American Heart Association recommends aspirin use for patients who've had a myocardial infarction (heart attack), unstable angina, ischemic stroke (caused by blood clot) or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs or "little strokes"), if not contraindicated. This recommendation is based on sound evidence from clinical trials showing that aspirin helps prevent the recurrence of such events as heart attack, hospitalization for recurrent angina, second strokes, etc. (secondary prevention). Studies show aspirin also helps prevent these events from occurring in people at high risk (primary prevention)."] 40 mg of aspirin a day is able to inhibit a large proportion of maximum thromboxane A2 release provoked acutely, with the prostaglandin I2 synthesis being little affected; however, higher doses of aspirin are required to attain further inhibition. [cite journal | last = Tohgi| first = H| coauthors = S Konno, K Tamura, B Kimura and K Kawano | year = 1992 | title = Effects of low-to-high doses of aspirin on platelet aggregability and metabolites of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin | journal = Stroke| volume = Vol 23 | pages = 1400–1403 |pmid=1412574] One side effect of this is that people who regularly take aspirin will suffer from excessive bleeding whenever the skin is perforated.

References

External links

*


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужна курсовая?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Thromboxane — A2 Les thromboxanes sont des hormones à effet vasoconstricteurs. Elles engendrent une augmentation de la pression artérielle. Elles activent aussi l agrégation des plaquettes et aident à la coagulation sanguine et au thrombus ou caillot sanguin d …   Wikipédia en Français

  • thromboxane — [thrämbäk′sān] n. [ THROMB(O) + OX(Y) + ANE] any of various derivatives of prostaglandins, which form on blood platelets and, usually, cause blood clots and constrict blood vessels: Cf. PROSTACYCLIN …   English World dictionary

  • Thromboxane A2 — Chembox new ImageFile = Thromboxane A2 acsv.svg ImageSize = IUPACName = OtherNames = Section1 = Chembox Identifiers CASNo = 57576 52 0 PubChem = 5280497 SMILES = MeSHName = Thromboxane+A2 Section2 = Chembox Properties Formula =… …   Wikipedia

  • Thromboxane B2 — Chembox new ImageFile=Thromboxane B2.svg ImageSize=250px IUPACName= OtherNames= Section1= Chembox Identifiers CASNo=54397 85 2 PubChem=5283137 SMILES= MeSHName=Thromboxane+B2 Section2= Chembox Properties Formula=C20H34O6 MolarMass=370.48 g/mol… …   Wikipedia

  • thromboxane — The formal parent of the thromboxanes; prostanoic acid in which the –COOH has been reduced to –CH3 and an oxygen atom has been inserted between carbons 11 and 12. * * * throm·box·ane thräm bäk .sān n any of several substances that are produced… …   Medical dictionary

  • Thromboxane-A synthase — 1 (platelet, cytochrome P450, family 5, subfamily A), also known as TBXAS1, is a human gene.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: TBXAS1 thromboxane A synthase 1 (platelet, cytochrome P450, family 5, subfamily A)| url =… …   Wikipedia

  • Thromboxane receptor — The thromboxane receptor is a protein on the surface of cells in the endothelium of blood vessels and in the placenta which interacts with the eicosanoid lipid thromboxane. It is a G protein coupled receptors coupled to the G protein Gq.cite… …   Wikipedia

  • thromboxane-A synthase — throm·box·ane A syn·thase (throm bokґsān sinґthās) [EC 5.3.99.5] an enzyme of the isomerase class that catalyzes the conversion in platelets of prostaglandin G2 to thromboxane A2, a potent vasoconstrictor and platelet agonist. Deficient …   Medical dictionary

  • thromboxane — noun Etymology: thromb + ox + ane Date: 1975 any of several substances that are produced especially by platelets, are formed from endoperoxides, cause construction of vascular and bronchial smooth muscle, and promote blood clotting …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • thromboxane — /throm bok sayn/, n. Biochem. a compound, C20H32O5, formed in blood platelets, that constricts blood vessels and promotes clotting. [1935 40; THROMB + OX + ANE] * * * …   Universalium

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”