HL60

The HL-60 ("Human promyelocytic leukemia cells") cell line is a leukemic cell line that has been used for laboratory research on how certain kinds of blood cells are formed. HL-60 proliferates continuously in suspension culture in nutrient medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum, L-glutamine, HEPES and antibiotic chemicals. The doubling time is about 36-48 hours. The cell line was derived from a 36-year-old woman with acute promyelocytic leukemia at the National Cancer Institute.cite journal |author=Gallagher R, Collins S, Trujillo J, "et al" |title=Characterization of the continuous, differentiating myeloid cell line (HL-60) from a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia |journal=Blood |volume=54 |issue=3 |pages=713–33 |year=1979 |pmid=288488 |doi= |url=http://www.bloodjournal.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=288488] HL-60 cells are predominantly a neutrophilic promyelocyte (precursor).

Proliferation of HL-60 cells occurs through the transferrin and insulin receptors, which are expressed on cell surface. The requirement for insulin and transferrin is absolute, as HL-60 proliferation immediately ceases if either of these compounds is removed from the serum-free culture media. [Breitman, T, S. Collins, B. Keene, 1980. “Replacement of serum by insulin and transferrin supports growth and differentiation of the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60”. "Exp. Cell Res"., 126, 494-498.] With this line, spontaneous differentiation to mature granulocytes can be induced by compounds such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), or retinoic acid. Other compounds like 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and GM-CSF can induce HL-60 to differentiate to monocytic, macrophage-like and eosinophil phenotypes, respectively.

The HL-60 cultured cell line provides a continuous source of human cells for studying the molecular events of myeloid differentiation and the effects of physiologic, pharmacologic, and virologic elements on this process. HL-60 cell model was used to study the effect of DNA topoisomerase (topo) IIα and IIβ on differentiation and apoptosis of cellsSugimoto, K, K. Yamada, M. Egashira, Y. yazaki, H. Hirai, A. Kikuchi and K. Oshimi, 1998. “Temporal and Spatial Distribution of DNA Topoisomerase II Alters During Proliferation, Differentiation, and Apoptosis in HL-60 Cells”. "Blood", 91:4, 1407-1417.] and is especially useful in dielectrophoresis studies, [Ratanachoo, K., Gascoyne, P.R.C. and Ruchirawat, M. 2002. Detection of cellular responses to toxicants by dielectrophoresis. "BBA". 1564, 449-458] which require an aqueous environment with suspended and round cells.

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