Glaive

A glaive is a polearm consisting of a single-edged blade on the end of a pole. It is similar to the Japanese naginata and the Chinese Guan Dao. However, instead of having a tang like a sword or naginata, the blade is affixed in a socket-shaft configuration similar to an axe head. Typically, the blade was around 45 cm (18 inches) long, on the end of a pole 2 m (6 or 7 feet) long. Occasionally glaive blades were created with a small hook on the reverse side to better catch riders. Such blades are called glaive-guisarmes.

According to the 1599 treatise "Paradoxes of Defense" by the English gentleman George Silver, the glaive is used in the same general manner as the quarterstaff, half pike, bill, halberd, voulge, or partisan. Silver rates this class of polearms above all other individual hand-to-hand combat weapons.

Other uses

The word glaive has historically been given to several very different types of weapon.
*The word "glaive" originated in French. Almost all etymologists derive it from either the Latin ("gladius") or Celtic ("*cladivos", cf. claymore) word for sword. Nevertheless, all the earliest attestations in both French and English refer to spears. [OED s.v. Glaive: "Hatz-Darm. regard OF. glaive as an adapted form of L. "gladius" (through the stages "gladie", "glaie", "glavie"). Ascoli supposes it to represent a Celtic "*cladivo-" (OIr. "claideb" sword, Gael. "claidheamh"). Neither view, however, accounts for the earliest meaning of the word in OF., which is also that of MHG. "glavîe", "glævîn", MDu. "glavie", "glaye", Sw. "glaven"."] It is attested in this meaning in English roughly from the 14th century to the 16th. [OED s.v., section 1, lists examples in this meaning from 1297—1592.]
*In the 15th century it acquired the meaning described above. [OED s.v., section 2, lists examples in this meaning from ca. 1450—1678.]
*Around the same time it also began being used as a poetic word for sword (this is the main use of the word in Modern French). [OED s.v., section 3, lists examples in this meaning from ca. 1470—1887.]
* Starting around the 1980's the word began to describe a fourth type of weapon: a whirling projectile blade similar in structure to a shuriken but much larger and cast and used like a chakram or hunga munga. This fictional weapon is usually portrayed as being able to return to its wielder, much like a boomerang. "Glaives" of this type have shown up in several films, such as "Krull", "" (as an upgraded version of the smart disc), "Blade", and "Batman Begins", and other aspects of fantasy fiction (as in video games such as Chrono Cross, Warcraft III, Dark Sector and various others).

Notes