Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0)

Chembox new
Name = Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0)
ImageFile = Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0)-3D-sticks.png ImageName = 3D model of the tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0) molecule
IUPACName = Tetrakis(triphenylphosphane)platinum(0)
OtherNames = Tetrakis(triphenylphosphane)platinum(0)
TPP platinum(0)
Section1 = Chembox Identifiers
CASNo = 14221-02-4
RTECS = Unregistered
Section2 = Chembox Properties
Formula = carbon₇₂hydrogen₆₀phosphorus₄platinum
MolarMass = 1244.24 g/mol
Appearance = yellow crystals
Density =
Solubility = Insoluble
MeltingPt = 160 °C
Section3 = Chembox Structure
MolShape = tetrahedral
Coordination = four triphenylphosphine unidentate
ligands attached to a central Pt(0)
atom in a tetrahedral geometry
CrystalStruct =
Dipole = 0 D
Section7 = Chembox Hazards
ExternalMSDS = [http://newsearchch.chemexper.com/cheminfo/servlet/org.dbcreator.MainServlet?action=PowerSearch&query=msds._msdsID%3D20520&sort=&target=msds&from=0&realQuery=entry._structureID%3D2811645&searchTemplate=rn.value%3D%3F+elsor+entry.catalogID%3D%3F+elsor+iupac.value%3D%3F+elsor+mf.value%3D%3F+elsor+%28iupac.value%3D%7E%3F+or+catalog.description%3D%7E%3F%29&searchValue=tetrakis%28triphenylphosphine%29platinum%280%29&forGroupNames=&style=&history=off&options=brandqtyoffer&format=ccd External MSDS]
MainHazards = PPh₃ is an irritant
NFPA-H = 2
NFPA-F = 1
NFPA-R =
RPhrases = n/a
SPhrases = S24/25
Section8 = Chembox Related
Function = complexes
OtherFunctn = Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0)
tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(0)
tris(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0)
OtherCpds = triphenylphosphine

Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0) is the chemical compound with the formula Pt(P(C₆H₅)₃)₄, often abbreviated Pt(PPh₃)₄. The bright yellow compound is widely used as a precursor to other platinum complexes.

tructure and behavior

The molecule is tetrahedral, with point group symmetry of T_d, as expected for a four-coordinate metal complex of a metal with the d¹⁰ configuration. Even though this complex follows the 18 electron rule, it dissociates triphenylphosphine in solution to give the 16e⁻ derivative containing only three PPh₃ ligands::Pt(PPh₃)₄ → Pt(PPh₃)₃ + PPh₃

ynthesis and reactions

The complex is typically prepared in one-pot reaction from potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II). Reduction of this platinum(II) species with alkaline ethanol in the presence of excess triphenylphosphine affords the product as a precipitate. The reaction occurs in two distinct steps. In the first step, PtCl₂(PPh₃)₂ is generated. In the second step, this platinum(II) complex is reduced. The overall synthesis can be summarized as::K₂ [PtCl₄] + 2KOH + 4PPh₃ + C₂H₅OH → Pt(PPh₃)₄ + 4KCl + CH₃CHO + 2H₂O

Both Pt(PPh₃)₄ and Pt(PPh₃)₄ react with oxidants to give platinum(II) derivatives::Pt(PPh₃)₄ + Cl₂ → "cis"-PtCl₂(PPh₃)₂ + 2 PPh₃Most mineral acids give the corresponding hydride complex::Pt(PPh₃)₄ + HCl₂ → "trans"-PtCl(H)(PPh₃)₂ + 2 PPh₃

The reaction with oxygen affords a dioxygen complex::Pt(PPh₃)₄ + O₂ → Pt(η²-O₂)(PPh₃)₂ + 2 PPh₃This complex is a precursor to the ethylene complex:Pt(η²-O₂)(PPh₃)₂ + C₂H₄ → Pt(η²-C₂H₄)(PPh₃)₂ + "NaBH₂(OH)₂"

Further reading

#
#Miessler, Gary L., and Donald A. Tarr. Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004.

References

External links

* [http://www.chemexper.com/index.shtml?main=http://www.chemexper.com/search/cas/14221-02-4.html ChemExper Chemicals database]