Nimslo

Nimslo film chamber

The Nimslo is a stereo camera with a brightfield viewfinder that produces 3D pictures which can be viewed without glasses. This is done using Lenticular printing. It uses common 35 mm film in 135 film format cartridges. It was produced in the 1980s by Nimstec Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Features

Nimslo film stip, scanned as a positive to show it as is, note how the red L.E.D. reverses to a green dot on the negative strip

Nimslo film strip, scanned as a negative

Nimslo Optilite flash

The Nimslo had fixed focus and automatic exposure. It featured a leathered metal body and glass lenses. Using its four lenses, four images from slightly different viewing angles were taken simultaneously. With the individual images half the size of the usual 35mm image frames, each 3D photograph taken used the space of 2 full 35mm exposures on the film. So a roll labeled as "36 exposures" would last for 18 3D pictures with four images each.

The Nimslo was the first consumer level three dimensional lenticular camera of the 1980s. There were previous lenticular cameras aimed at amateurs, such as the 6 lens Lentic, introduced in 1953, which used 120 roll film^[1], but the Nimslo was probably the first to use 35mm film, and certainly the first that could fit in a pocket.

The camera used a red LED to put a green dot on the negative. This was how the printer knew where a group of four negatives started. This dot appeared in the otherwise blank area above the image so it didn't appear in the printed frame. This feature appears to be unique to the Nimslo. Other lenticular cameras don't have it and other lenticular printers don't use it.

The Nimslo was originally built in a Timex factory in Dundee, Scotland. Later cameras were built by Sunpak in Japan.

Nimslo and its lenticular printer were invented by Jerry Curtis Nims and Allen Kwok Wah Lo, both from Georgia, USA.^[2]

Lenticular prints would be ordered from special print shops using dedicated printers. The pictures produced by the Nimslo camera create a three dimensional image that can be seen with the naked eye. This 3D image is made possible by the lenticular printing process that was customized by the Nimslo inventors, though professional lenticular prints had been around for a while.

US patents

The technology was protected by US patents.

• 3,960,563 - Methods and apparatus for taking and composing stereoscopic pictures
• 4,037,950 - Camera for taking stereoscopic pictures
• 4,063,265 - Apparatus for taking stereoscopic pictures

Nimstec, Timex and Fred Olsen

The shares of the Nimstec were bought by Eagleville Company in October 1980, again controlled by the Ptarmigan Trust that at the same time gained control over Timex Corporation. The whole operation was controlled by billionaire Fredrik Olsen "Fred Olsen", in charge of the Fred. Olsen & Co. shipping company. Fred Olsen is a technological and industrial visionary and believed strongly in the Nimslo product. He wanted the Timex factory in Dundee in Scotland to produce the cameras, as they had already produced cameras for Polaroid. He established a guarantee of 25 million USD for the acquisition of the Nimslo shares.^[3]

Mark 1S and Mark 1A Printers

The original Nimslo photographic printer (the Mark 1S) was controlled by a KIM-1 processor. The operator had to view the actual images to align the images. The time to create a picture was measured in minutes. The second photographic printer was the Mark 1A. This printer was controlled by a Data General MicroNova processor, using the MP/OS operating system. This machine used a video system and was able to create a picture in about 15 seconds.

Nimslo prints are created by printing the four images through the lenticular print material, each at a different angle, to a photosensitive emulsion on the back of the lenticular material. The print material is then processed in a normal photofinishing machine, as the back of the print material is permeable to the photofinishing chemicals.

Market failure

Although the idea of a consumer level camera that could make lenticular 3D prints similar to those that had appeared for many years on book covers and other novelty items certainly had appeal, the idea never really caught on, perhaps partially due to the high costs of processing and long wait times.

Also, though no glasses or other viewing aids were needed to view Nimslo prints, the quality and depth paled in comparison with the images produced by more conventional stereo photography techniques and with professional lenticular prints.

Clones

Nishika

Nishika N8000 the first Nimslo clone   The N9000 a smaller, sleeker version

Nishika 3010 flash.

The 3D trio deluxe 3 lens Nimslo clone

According to Michael Starks, Nimslo went bankrupt and was partly sold to a Nevada company called Nishika ^[2]. In April 1989^[4], Nishika introduced the four lens Nishika N8000 and later the four lens N9000. The N8000 featured a plastic body with plastic lenses, a fixed 1/60 shutter speed and a 3 position manual aperture lever that that selected f8, f11 and f19.^[5][6] The N9000 was a more compact, sleeker version but was essentially the same camera, except with 2 aperture settings, f8 and f16, instead of 3. Part of the marketing effort included a promotional/instructional video starring Vincent Price.^[7] Nishika also offered a companion flash, similar to the Nimslo Optilite but much bulkier and with just one contact plus ground. They also offered a number of other accessories including a "professional" strap, Nishika Tripod, a Nishika deluxe deluxe camera case, a lens cleaning kit and even a line of Nishika brand color print film, marked with both regular and 3D exposures, though the advertising stressed that it could use any ASA 100 color print film.

Nishika also, of course, offered a lenticular processing service.

The design of the Nishika N8000 was a bit overstated. The flash contact sits atop a small platform which resembles the Pentaprism found on an SLR. The camera is much larger than it needs to be, a lead weight was included to make it heavier, there is a plastic panel on top designed to look like an LCD readout and the two AA batteries serve no function except to power the "light meter" which merely indicates whether or not flash should be used. The "use flash" indicator is not coupled to the aperture lever and is thus valid only when f8 (cloudy/indoors) is selected and when ASA 100 film is used.^[6] Also, the hot shoe has three contacts (in addition to ground), but two simply sit on top of the plastic with no internal connection. The companion flash has only a single contact in addition to ground.^[6]

Misleading^[6] and even illegal tactics were used to market the camera, including an infamous fraudulent prize promotion scheme, which is usually blamed for the company's demise.^[8]

Though N8000s are constantly available on eBay, they rarely get any bids.

Other Clones

3Dfx from Image Tech

Kalimar, with obvious styling similarities

Starks claimed that Nishika also made a 3 lens camera, but there if no evidence that such a camera ever existed oustide his article.^[2] It is interesting that some of the Nishika "dealers" claimed that the Nimslo had only 3 lenses.^[6]

The confusion on the part of Michael Starks may stem from the introduction about a year later of the 3 lens Trilogy, which sported a built in electronic flash and motorized film advance, and was originally marketed through a system very similar to the multilevel scheme used by Nishika^[9]. The same camera was later renamed to Image Tech 3D 1000 and marketed through more traditional channels.^[10]

Several other 3 lens cameras were released, such as the 3D wizard, 3D magic, 3DFX, and Kalimar, some of which sported more modern features such as built in electronic flash and motorized film advance but lacked the auto exposure features of the Nimslo. The 3D trio featured 3 element coated glass lenses, built in flash, motorized film advance, automatic exposure control, compatibility with DX coded ASA 100, 200 and 400 film, and a built in protective lens cover, making it the closest 3 lens equivalent to the Nimslo.^[11] These 3 lens cameras gave more pictures per roll of film, 16 ^[12] for 24 exposure roll rather than the 12^[13] yielded by Nimslo/Nishika and had less ghosting, but also less depth.^[10] There were other 4 lens Nimslo clones as well, such as the 3DNext and the Rittai.^[14] Like the Nishika, several of these were marketed through multilevel schemes, often in Asian countries, occasionally being the basis of a scam.^[2]

In 2005 the Canadian firm Snap 3D began selling several 2 lens and 5 lens lenticular cameras made by US technology Ltd in Hong Kong. The 5 lens cameras were particularly odd producing five images that were 29.94 mm high and from 24.75 to 26.33 mm wide, all five images having a different width. These were deluxe cameras, featuring glass lenses, adjustable focus with rangefinder, adjustable shutter speeds 1/125, 1/60, 1/30 sec. and "B", continuously adjustable aperture from f/5.6 to f22 and a spirit level. They also had automatic film loading and motorized film advance^[15]. Indeed, these cameras were so far removed from the Nimslo, that it might be stretching things to call them Nimslo clones. Snap 3D no longer sells these cameras but still does lenticular processing and offers a few related services, such as lenticular prints form traditional stereo pairs and from digital stereo cameras such as the Fuji w3.

After market

Cardboard mount used for slides taken with the Nimslo

aluminum 4P, half frame mask, also known as realist closeup mask

stereo pair taken with a Nimslo, note the red dot which would be green on negative film. This would normally be cropped out but was left in for illustration.

Despite the fact that Nimstec has ceased to exist and can no longer produce Nimslo cameras, one can still obtain a Nimslo through various internet auction sites. Original Nimstec cameras cost around $200 dollars at their first release but can now be found for less than $50. The Nimslo has fallen out of fashion, but still maintains a small but loyal following among photography buffs.

There are still a small number of companies that can process Nimslo pictures. These companies specialize in three dimensional lenticular printing and allow Nimslo users to receive prints similar to the original Nimstec creations.

In a somewhat "retro" development, many stereo photography buffs used the Nimslo to take stereo slides which were mounted in "4P" (half frame) slide mounts. This was done by using either slip in cardboard mounts, some specially labeled with the Nimslo name or aluminum masks such as the Realist "closeup" mask. These masks were sometimes put in metal frames and placed between glass, much like Realist format slides. The resulting stereo slides could then be viewed using conventional Realist format viewers or even projected with stereo projectors.

The dot that was green on negatives was red on slide film and so stereo hobbyists could tell which chip was the left frame after cutting the film by looking for the red dot. Because many slide mounts were designed for an image frame taller than the Nimslo frame this red dot was sometimes visible in the picture.

The glass lenses and automatic exposure control of the Nimslo made it well suited for this purpose, unlike similar cameras such as the Nishika that typically sported plastic lenses and limited adjustability, relying on the latitude of the print film to give good results under varied lighting conditions.

Others used the Nimslo to produce half frame prints that could be used to make stereo cards which could be viewed in conventional stereoscopes.

Since only the two outer images of the four images formed by each snap were mounted, using an unmodified Nimslo to produce stereo pairs results in a lot of film wastage and making prints is even more costly since half of them will be thrown away. The problem of paying for twice as many prints could be solved by covering the two center lenses, but that doesn't solve the problem of film wastage. This spurred some enterprising individuals to come up with modifications.

Technical enterprises came out with the Teco-Nimslo which exposed two images at a time and modified the film advance so that there was no film wastage. This produced 24 half frame pairs on a 24 exposure roll. The result was an ideal camera for those satisfied with half frame format slides.

David Burder came up with more radical modifications. One, the original Burdlo, featured a modified lens board with two lenses but essentially the same film advance to take full frame stereo pictures. The stereo base was greatly reduced to only 36mm, but this was adequate for closeup work.^[16] Other cameras also going by the name Burdlo included multiple Nimslos joined together to make 12 lens and 24 lens lenticular cameras. None of these were as popular as the Teco-Nimslo but pictures of them are easy enough to find on the web^[17] and have occasionally been the subject of blog entries.^[18]

Others have modified the Nimslo to make a wide format camera, or have found other non 3D uses, with or without modification.^[19]

The future

It seems pretty clear that the Nimslo will remain history and will never again be manufactured and the Nimslo clones seem to have also met their demise. Despite this, many such cameras are still in use and can be found in mint condition or as NOS and lenticular prints can still be made. Though it is possible that the last companies doing lenticular printing will cease such activities and that the whole concept will fade into obscurity, it may well be that a new chapter in the story will be written.

There has been a lot of buzz lately about the release of consumer level lenticular printers. This would allow users to make their own lenticular prints. This would obviously bring new life to the market for used and NOS cameras, but it seems unlikely that a company which made a lenticular printer wouldn't also market a camera to go with it.

At first this may use the existing film technology, but eventually they would likely release a digital version, since the printing would almost certainly be from digital files. The release of a trilens or quadralens (or other multilens) digital camera may be just around the corner. Of course, like the Nimslo, such a camera could also be used to make stereo pairs.

References

1. ^ Make Your own Stereo Pictures Julius B. Kaiser The Macmillan Company 1955 pp. 12–13 Lentic corporation handled the processing as well
2. ^ ^{a b c d} True Horror Stories From the 3D Industry PART 2, Michael Starks
3. ^ Norwegian High Court in case HR-2001-00662, Oslo, Norway, 2002-06-10
4. ^ Son of Nimslo, John Dennis, Stereo World May/June 1989 pages 34–36
5. ^ Nishika owner's manual Nishika corporation 1991 specifications page 22
6. ^ ^{a b c d e} Nishika strip-down report John Dennis Stereo World magazine July/August 1989 page 20
7. ^ Step into the third dimension, Nishika corporation, 1989 currently available on youtube Oddly enough, they used Macrovision on it, since it is a promotional video for a product you would think they would have encouraged people to make copies of it!
8. ^ FTC 1995 annual report pages 86–87
9. ^ The newest 3_D camera - the Trilogy, Stereo World Nov/Dec 1989
10. ^ ^{a b} Trilogy camera back with new name, new plan, Stereo World Nov/Dec 1990 page 26
11. ^ 3D trio instruction sheet, specifications, 3D IMAGE Technology inc. W511-598-50M
12. ^ Kalimar 3D instruction manual page 9
13. ^ Nishika Owner's manual page 7
14. ^ Stereo camera collection
15. ^ stereoscopy.com camera list
16. ^ Reel 3-D Enterprises' Guide to the Nimslo 3D Camera by David Starkman and Susan Pinsky pages 24–25
17. ^ Google search
18. ^ Robcat View
19. ^ NIMSLO- more to it than meets the eye! by Andrew Davidhazy

• "Nimslo system adds a new dimension to 3-D photography" by Jerry Nims and Allen Lo, pp. 20–23, Aug. 1980, Industrial Photography, vol. 29, No. 8.

External links

• Online camera manual
• NIMSLO- more to it than meets the eye! by Andrew Davidhazy
• Nimslo technical details
• 3D lenticular prints
• More about Nishika, and what it left in its wake
• 3D Photos Community