Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase

Indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO or INDO EC 1.13.11.42) is an immunomodulatory enzyme secreted by some alternatively activated macrophages and other immunoregulatory cells (also used as an immune subversion strategy by many tumors).

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summary_text = Gamma-interferon (IFNG; MIM 147570) has an antiproliferative effect on many tumor cells and inhibits intracellular pathogens such as Toxoplasma and Chlamydia, at least partly because of the induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (INDO; EC 1.13.11.42). This enzyme catalyzes the degradation of the essential amino acid L-tryptophan to N-formylkynurenine. [supplied by OMIM] [cite web | title = Entrez Gene: INDO indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3 dioxygenase| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3620| accessdate = ]

IDO is the first and rate limiting enzyme of Tryptophan catabolism through Kynurenine pathway, thus causing depletion of tryptophan which can cause halted growth of microbes as well as T cells.

It catalyzes conversion of L-tryptophan to N-formylkynurenine.

References

Further reading

PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Grohmann U, Fallarino F, Puccetti P |title=Tolerance, DCs and tryptophan: much ado about IDO. |journal=Trends Immunol. |volume=24 |issue= 5 |pages= 242–8 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12738417 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Takikawa O |title=Biochemical and medical aspects of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-initiated L-tryptophan metabolism. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=338 |issue= 1 |pages= 12–9 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16176799 |doi= 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.09.032
*cite journal | author=Puccetti P |title=On watching the watchers: IDO and type I/II IFN. |journal=Eur. J. Immunol. |volume=37 |issue= 4 |pages= 876–9 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17393386 |doi= 10.1002/eji.200737184
*cite journal | author=Kadoya A, Tone S, Maeda H, "et al." |title=Gene structure of human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=189 |issue= 1 |pages= 530–6 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1449503 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Kamimura S, Eguchi K, Yonezawa M, Sekiba K |title=Localization and developmental change of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity in the human placenta. |journal=Acta Med. Okayama |volume=45 |issue= 3 |pages= 135–9 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1716396 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Dai W, Gupta SL |title=Molecular cloning, sequencing and expression of human interferon-gamma-inducible indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase cDNA. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=168 |issue= 1 |pages= 1–8 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2109605 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Tone S, Takikawa O, Habara-Ohkubo A, "et al." |title=Primary structure of human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase deduced from the nucleotide sequence of its cDNA. |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=18 |issue= 2 |pages= 367 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2326172 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Werner-Felmayer G, Werner ER, Fuchs D, "et al." |title=Tumour necrosis factor-alpha and lipopolysaccharide enhance interferon-induced tryptophan degradation and pteridine synthesis in human cells. |journal=Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler |volume=370 |issue= 9 |pages= 1063–9 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2482041 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Carlin JM, Borden EC, Byrne GI |title=Interferon-induced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity inhibits Chlamydia psittaci replication in human macrophages. |journal=J. Interferon Res. |volume=9 |issue= 3 |pages= 329–37 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2501398 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Kobayashi K, Hayashi K, Sono M |title=Effects of tryptophan and pH on the kinetics of superoxide radical binding to indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase studied by pulse radiolysis. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=264 |issue= 26 |pages= 15280–3 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2549057 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Daley-Yates PT, Powell AP, Smith LL |title=Pulmonary indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity and its significance in the response of rats, mice, and rabbits to oxidative stress. |journal=Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. |volume=96 |issue= 2 |pages= 222–32 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2848333 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Najfeld V, Menninger J, Muhleman D, "et al." |title=Localization of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase gene (INDO) to chromosome 8p12-->p11 by fluorescent in situ hybridization. |journal=Cytogenet. Cell Genet. |volume=64 |issue= 3-4 |pages= 231–2 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8404046 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Burkin DJ, Kimbro KS, Barr BL, "et al." |title=Localization of the human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) gene to the pericentromeric region of human chromosome 8. |journal=Genomics |volume=17 |issue= 1 |pages= 262–3 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8406467 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Malina HZ, Martin XD |title=Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase: antioxidant enzyme in the human eye. |journal=Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. |volume=234 |issue= 7 |pages= 457–62 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8817290 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Munn DH, Zhou M, Attwood JT, "et al." |title=Prevention of allogeneic fetal rejection by tryptophan catabolism. |journal=Science |volume=281 |issue= 5380 |pages= 1191–3 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9712583 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Takikawa O, Littlejohn TK, Truscott RJ |title=Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in the human lens, the first enzyme in the synthesis of UV filters. |journal=Exp. Eye Res. |volume=72 |issue= 3 |pages= 271–7 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11180976 |doi= 10.1006/exer.2000.0951
*cite journal | author=Kudo Y, Boyd CA |title=The role of L-tryptophan transport in L-tryptophan degradation by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in human placental explants. |journal=J. Physiol. (Lond.) |volume=531 |issue= Pt 2 |pages= 417–23 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11230514 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Terentis AC, Thomas SR, Takikawa O, "et al." |title=The heme environment of recombinant human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Structural properties and substrate-ligand interactions. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 18 |pages= 15788–94 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11867636 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M200457200
*cite journal | author=Kvirkvelia N, Vojnovic I, Warner TD, "et al." |title=Placentally derived prostaglandin E2 acts via the EP4 receptor to inhibit IL-2-dependent proliferation of CTLL-2 T cells. |journal=Clin. Exp. Immunol. |volume=127 |issue= 2 |pages= 263–9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11876748 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Sedlmayr P, Blaschitz A, Wintersteiger R, "et al." |title=Localization of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in human female reproductive organs and the placenta. |journal=Mol. Hum. Reprod. |volume=8 |issue= 4 |pages= 385–91 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11912287 |doi=

External links

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