Military dependents' village

Typical jumbled appearance of a military dependents' village

A military dependents' village (Chinese: 眷村; pinyin: juàncūn; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kòan-chhoan/kòan-chhun) is a community in Taiwan built in the late 1940s and the 1950s whose original purpose was to serve as provisional housing for Nationalist soldiers and their dependents from mainland China after the KMT retreated to Taiwan. They ended up becoming permanent settlements, forming distinct cultures as enclaves of mainlanders in Taiwanese cities. Over the years, many military dependents' villages have suffered from uban problems such as housing dereliction, abandonment, urban decay, and urban slum.

The houses in these villages were often haphazardly and poorly constructed, having been built hastily and with limited funding. The residents had no private land ownership rights for the houses they lived in, as the land was government property.

Entry to "Zhongzhen New Residential Quarter" in Hsinchu city, with a new memorial stone.

In the 1990s, the government began an aggressive program of demolishing these villages and replacing them with highrises, giving the residents rights to live in the new apartments. As of late 2006, there are around 170 left out of an original number of 879, and there are efforts to preserve some as historic sites.

Architecture

Military Dependents' Village house

In the 1950s, most Dependents' Villages, except the legacy from the Japanese colonization, are built with minimal building standards on public land. The very common properties were built with straw-laid roof and mud-consolidated bamboo wall. It was only after the 1960s that the military reconstructed properties with bricks; and at the same time incorporated private toilets, bathrooms, kitchens, main pillars, roof tiles and electrical circuits into the properties. Till this, the properties of the Dependents Village had finally reached the same standards aligning with the rest of the architectures in Taiwan. By the end of 1970s, Taiwan’s property market was heated up with tremendous amount of newly-built and renovated properties. However, due to housing ownership problems, houses in the Dependents Villages could not been rebuilt and replaced. Most of them suffered from outdated facilities and crowdedness. Each house had only 6-10 ping (1 ping ~= 3.3 square metre) excluded the attached garden. Hence brick construction or reinforced brick-built, low level Juan Cun properties had been comparatively derelict, especially within inner urban area.

Generally speaking, Juan Cun from ten to hundreds of units tend to segregate themselves from the rest of the society. Although it tightened the relationship within the village, it had unavoidably prevented mingling and communications between the tenants and the rest of the communities outside.

Dependents' Villages is a unique cultural landscape that may soon pass into oblivion, as old soldiers pass away and urban renewal and redevelopment takes place.

Urban Debates

Juan Cun is a burdened landscape inherited from the Martial Law Era (1949–1987)in Taiwan. It has been seen as an unfair welfare provision that was predominately available to the Kuomintang (KMT) military and their families. The impact to the society in terms of social segregation and imbalance resource allocation has turn out to be more revolted than expected.

Juan Cun has now been the focus of dynamic architectural, political and cultural debate shaped by tensions between different collective memories as well as conflicting interests and visions of what the new urban landscape of 'new' Taiwan should be. G. Delanty and P. R. Jones's discourse (2002)about continuous debates and struggles as to which memories and symbols are to be preserved or destroyed from the urban landscape of the city can be clearly realized in the context of Juan Cun and its preservation.

Notable People from Military Dependents' Villages

Film

• Ang Lee
• Hou Hsiao-Hsien
• Doze Niu
• Edward Yang
• Brigitte Lin
• Sylvia Chang
• Joey Wong

Music

• Teresa Teng
• Chang Yu-sheng
• Hou Dejian
• Richie Ren
• Tsai Chin (singer)
• Annie Yi

Television

• Chen Chien-chou
• Ethan Ruan
• Frankie Kao

Literature

• Lung Ying-tai
• Chu Tien-hsin
• Chu Tien-wen
• Yuan Ch'iung-ch'iung
• Zhang Dachun

Politics

• James Soong
• Jason Hu
• John Chiang (Taiwan)
• Winston Chang
• Eric Chu
• Hau Lung-pin

Organized Crime

• Chen Chi-li
• Tung Kuei-sen

See also

• Red Envelope Club
• Treasure Hill

References

• G. Delanty and P. R. Jones, European Identity and Architecture. European Journal of Social Theory 5 (2002) 453–466.