Specific phobia

Specific phobia

A specific phobia is a generic term for any kind of anxiety disorder that amounts to an unreasonable or irrational fear related to exposure to specific objects or situations. As a result, the affected persons tend to actively avoid direct contact with the objects or situations, and in severe cases any mention or depiction of them.

The fear or anxiety may be triggered both by the presence and the anticipation of the specific object or situation. A person who encounters that of which they are phobic will often show signs of fear or express discomfort. In some cases it can result in a panic attack. In most cases of adults, this kind of phobia is consciously recognized by the person; still, anxiety and avoidance are difficult to control and may significantly impair person's functioning and even physical health.

Epidemiology

Specific phobias have a one-year prevalence of 4.4% (in the USA) [cite journal
author = Narrow et al
year = 2002
title = Revised prevalence estimates of mental disorders in the United States
journal = Archives of General Psychiatry
volume = 59
pages = 115-123
pmid = 11825131

] . The usual age of onset is childhood to adolescence. Women are two times more likely to suffer from specific phobias than men [cite book |title=Crash Course Psychiatry |last=Cameron |first=Alasdair |year=2004 |publisher=Elsevier Ltd |isbn=0-7234-3340-8 ] .

Categories of specific phobias

According to the fourth revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders phobias can be classified under the following general categories:

*Animal type :For example the fear of spiders (arachnophobia) and the fear of snakes (ophidiophobia).
*Natural environment type:Like the fear of heights (acrophobia), the fear of lightning and thunderstorms (astraphobia), and the fear of aging (gerascophobia).
*Situational type:Like the fear of small confined spaces (claustrophobia) and being "afraid of the dark," (nyctophobia).
*Blood/injection/injury type :Like the fear of medical procedures including needles and injections (Trypanophobia)
*Other:Like the fear of the number 13 (triskaidekaphobia), and the fear of clowns (coulrophobia).

ee also

* List of phobias

References

External links

* [http://www.minddisorders.com/Py-Z/Specific-phobias.html Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders - Specific phobias]


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