Sympetrum

Darters or Meadowhawks
Sympetrum fonscolombii
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Odonata
Family:	Libellulidae
Genus:	Sympetrum Newman, 1833

Sympetrum is a genus of small to medium sized skimmer dragonflies, known as darters in the UK and as meadowhawks in the North America. There are more than 50 species, predominantly living in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere; no Sympetrum are native to Australia.

Most North American darters fly in late summer and autumn, breeding in ponds and foraging over meadows. Commonly, they are yellow-gold as juveniles, with mature males and some females becoming bright red on part or all of their bodies. An exception to this color scheme is the Black Darter, Sympetrum danae.^[1]

The genus includes the following species:^[2]

• Sympetrum ambiguum (Rambur, 1842) – Blue-faced Meadowhawk^[3]
• Sympetrum anomalum Needham, 1930
• Sympetrum arenicolor Jödicke, 1994
• Sympetrum baccha (Selys, 1884)
• Sympetrum chaconi De Marmels, 1994
• Sympetrum commixtum (Selys, 1884)
• Sympetrum cordulegaster (Selys, 1883)
• Sympetrum corruptum (Hagen, 1861) – Variegated Meadowhawk^[3]
• Sympetrum costiferum (Hagen, 1861) – Saffron-winged Meadowhawk^[3]
• Sympetrum croceolum (Selys, 1883)
• Sympetrum daliensis Zhu, 1999
• Sympetrum danae (Sulzer, 1776) – Black Darter,^[4] Black Meadowhawk^[3]
• Sympetrum darwinianum Selys, 1883
• Sympetrum depressiusculum (Selys, 1841) – Spotted Darter^[5]
• Sympetrum dilatatum (Calvert, 1892) – St. Helena Darter^[6]
• Sympetrum durum Bartenev, 1916
• Sympetrum eroticum (Selys, 1883)
• Sympetrum evanescens De Marmels, 1992
• Sympetrum flaveolum (Linnaeus, 1758) – Yellow-winged Darter^[4]
• Sympetrum fonscolombii (Selys, 1840) – Red-veined Darter^[4]
• Sympetrum frequens (Selys, 1883) – Autumn Darter^{[citation needed]}
• Sympetrum gilvum (Selys, 1884)
• Sympetrum gracile Oguma, 1915
• Sympetrum haematoneura Fraser, 1924
• Sympetrum haritonovi Borisov, 1983 – Dwarf Darter^[7]
• Sympetrum himalayanum Navás, 1934
• Sympetrum hypomelas (Selys, 1884)
• Sympetrum illotum (Hagen, 1861) – Cardinal Meadowhawk^[3]
• Sympetrum imitans Selys, 1886
• Sympetrum infuscatum (Selys, 1883)
• Sympetrum internum Montgomery, 1943 – Cherry-faced Meadowhawk^[3]
• Sympetrum kunckeli (Selys, 1884)
• Sympetrum maculatum Oguma, 1922
• Sympetrum madidum (Hagen, 1861) - Red-veined Meadowhawk^[3]
• Sympetrum meridionale (Selys, 1841) – Southern Darter^[5]
• Sympetrum nigrifemur (Selys, 1884) – Island Darter^[8]
• Sympetrum nigrocreatum Calvert, 1920 – Talamanca Meadowhawk^[9]
• Sympetrum nomurai Asahina, 1997
• Sympetrum obtrusum (Hagen, 1861) – White-faced Meadowhawk^[3]
• Sympetrum orientale (Selys, 1883)
• Sympetrum pallipes (Hagen, 1874) – Striped Meadowhawk^[3]
• Sympetrum paramo De Marmels, 2001
• Sympetrum parvulum (Bartenev, 1912)
• Sympetrum pedemontanum (Müller, 1766) – Banded Darter^[4]
• Sympetrum risi Bartenev, 1914
• Sympetrum roraimae De Marmels, 1988
• Sympetrum rubicundulum (Say, 1840) – Ruby Meadowhawk^[3]
• Sympetrum ruptum Needham, 1930
• Sympetrum sanguineum (Müller, 1764) – Ruddy Darter^[4]
• Sympetrum semicinctum (Say, 1840) – Band-winged Meadowhawk^[3]
• Sympetrum signiferum Cannings & Garrison, 1991
• Sympetrum sinaiticum Dumont, 1977 – Desert Darter^[5]
• Sympetrum speciosum Oguma, 1915
• Sympetrum striolatum (Charpentier, 1840) – Common Darter^[4]
• Sympetrum tibiale (Ris, 1897)
• Sympetrum uniforme (Selys, 1883)
• Sympetrum verum Bartenev, 1916
• Sympetrum vicinum (Hagen, 1861) – Yellow-legged Meadowhawk,^[10] Autumn Meadowhawk^[3]
• Sympetrum villosum Ris, 1911
• Sympetrum vulgatum (Linnaeus, 1758) – Vagrant Darter,^[4] Moustached Darter^[5]
• Sympetrum xiaoi Han & Zhu, 1997

References

1. ^ Needham, James G.; Minter J. Westfall, Jr. and Michael L. May (2000). Dragonflies of North America (rev. ed.). Gainesville, FL: Scientific Publishers. p. 795. ISBN 0-945417-94-2. 
2. ^ Martin Schorr, Martin Lindeboom, Dennis Paulson. "World Odonata List". University of Puget Sound. http://www.pugetsound.edu/academics/academic-resources/slater-museum/biodiversity-resources/dragonflies/world-odonata-list/. Retrieved 11 August 2010. 
3. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l} "North American Odonata". University of Puget Sound. 2009. http://www.pugetsound.edu/academics/academic-resources/slater-museum/biodiversity-resources/dragonflies/north-american-odonata/. Retrieved 5 August 2010. 
4. ^ ^{a b c d e f g} "Checklist of UK Species". British Dragonfly Society. http://www.british-dragonflies.org.uk/content/uk-species. Retrieved 5 August 2010. 
5. ^ ^{a b c d} "Checklist, English common names". DragonflyPix.com. http://www.dragonflypix.com/checklist.html. Retrieved 5 August 2010. 
6. ^ Suhling, F. & Martens, A. (2011). "Sympetrum dilatatum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature. http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/21226. Retrieved 03 October 2011. 
7. ^ Clausnitzer, V. (2007). "Sympetrum haritonovi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature. http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/158697. Retrieved 03 October 2011. 
8. ^ Kalkman, V.J. (2009). "Sympetrum nigrifemur". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/60292/0. Retrieved 25 Aug 2010. 
9. ^ Paulson, D. R. (2007). "Sympetrum nigrocreatum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature. http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/164924. Retrieved 03 October 2011. 
10. ^ Dunkle, S. W. (2000). Dragonflies through Binoculars. OUP.