Sergey Ivanovich Vavilov

Infobox_Scientist
name = Sergey I. Vavilov


image_width = 140px
caption =
birth_date = birth date|1891|3|24|df=y
birth_place = Russia, Moscow
death_date = death date and age|1951|1|25|1891|3|24
death_place = Russia, Moscow
residence =
citizenship = flag|Russian Empire
flag|USSR
nationality = Russia
ethnicity =
field = physics, optics
work_institution =
alma_mater = Moscow State University
doctoral_advisor =
doctoral_students = Pavel Cherenkov
known_for = Vavilov-Cherenkov effect
author_abbreviation_bot =
author_abbreviation_zoo =
prizes =
religion =
footnotes =

Sergey Ivanovich Vavilov ( _ru. Сергей Иванович Вавилов (OldStyleDate|24 March|1891|12 March – January 25, 1951) was a Soviet physicist, the President of the USSR Academy of Sciences from July 1945 until his death. His elder brother Nikolai Vavilov was a famous Russian geneticist.

Biography

Vavilov founded the Soviet school of physical optics, known by his works in luminescence. In 1934 he co-discovered the Vavilov-Cherenkov effect, a discovery for which Pavel Cherenkov was awarded a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1958.

He was a member of the USSR Academy of Sciences from 1932, Head of the Lebedev Institute of Physics (since 1934), a chief editor of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, a member of the Supreme Soviet from 1946 and a recipient of four Stalin Prizes (1943, 1946, 1951, 1952).

He wrote on the lives and works of great thinkers, such as Lucretius, Galileo Galilei, Isaac Newton, Mikhail Lomonosov, Michael Faraday, and Pyotr Lebedev, among others.

Legacy

A meteorological station (as well as a glacier and an ice cap) in October Revolution Island, in the Severnaya Zemlya group have been named after Vavilov. A minor planet 2862 Vavilov discovered in 1977 by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh is named after him and his brother Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov. [cite book | last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. | coauthors = | title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names | pages = p. 235 | edition = 5th | year = 2003 | publisher = Springer Verlag | location = New York | url = http://books.google.com/books?q=2862+Vavilov+QC2 | id = ISBN 3540002383] Vavilov crater on the Far side of the Moon is also named after him and his brother since 1970.

There is a ship named after him, the Akademik Sergey Vavilov. She is a research vessel that can carry approximately 150 crew and passengers, and is a Class-1A icebreaker which regularly makes trips to Antarctica.

References

External links

* [http://www.cerncourier.com/main/article/44/9/25 Sergei Vavilov: luminary of Russian physics]
* [http://www.aas.org/~had/state/beria.html Letter from Vavilov to Lavrenty Beria concerning the state of Soviet astronomy, requesting the release of an astronomer]