Braemar

infobox UK place
country = Scotland
official_name= Braemar
gaelic_name= Bràigh Mhàrr
population= under 500 [cite web| url=http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/statistics/publications-and-data/settlements-and-localities/mid-2004-population-estimates-for-settlements-in-scotland.html| title=Mid-2004 Population Estimates| publisher=General Register Office for Scotland| accessdate=2008-05-04]
os_grid_reference= NO150913
map_type=Scotland
unitary_scotland= Aberdeenshire
lieutenancy_scotland=
constituency_westminster=
constituency_scottish_parliament=
latitude=57.01
longitude=-03.40
post_town= BALLATER
postcode_district = AB35
postcode_area= AB
dial_code= 013397 Braemar is a village in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, around 58 miles west of Aberdeen in the Highlands. It is the closest significantly-sized settlement to the upper course of the River Dee sitting at an altitude of 339 m (1100 ft).

The Gaelic "Bràigh Mhàrr" properly refers to the area of upper Marr (as it literally means), i.e. the area of Marr to the west of Aboyne, the village itself being Castleton of Braemar ("Baile a' Chaisteal Bhràigh Mhàrr").

Locality

Braemar is approached from the South on the A93 from Glen Clunie and the Cairnwell Pass - and from the East also on the A93 from Deeside. Braemar can be approached on foot from the West through Glen Tilt, Glen Feshie, Glen Dee (by the Lairig Ghru), and Glen Derry (by the Lairig an Laoigh).

The village is overlooked (from roughly northwest) by Carn na Drochaide (818 m), (from roughly northeast) by Creag Choinnich (538 m), (from roughly southwest) by Carn na Sgliat (690 m), and (from roughly southwest) by Morrone (859 m).

Braemar is within a one-and-a-half hour drive of Aberdeen, Dundee, and Perth.

History

Historically the village is situated in the upper end of the historical Earldom of Mar or literally the "Braes o' Mar".cite book| author=Fenton Wyness| date=1968| title=| publisher=Alex P. Reid & Son| location=Aberdeen] In Scottish Gaelic, "Bràigh Mhàrr" (upland of Mar) referred to the general locality rather than the village itself.cite book| author=Adam Watson| date=1975| title=District Guide: The Cairngorms| publisher=The Scottish Mountaineering Trust| location=Edinburgh]

The use of "Braemar" to specifically refer to the village dates to around 1870. Previously, two independent hamlets existed on the banks of the Clunie Water named "on the West bank"; Auchendryne, on the East bank; Castleton,dn the name referring to Kindrochit Castle (within the modern-day village) rather than Braemar Castle (immediately south of the village). The names "Auchendryne" and "Castleton" are clearly marked on the current Ordnance Survey maps below the larger and bolder "Braemar".

Traditionally, Malcolm III with his first Queen came to the area in around 1059, and according to legend held a great gathering at the original settlement of Doldencha, situated under the present-day graveyard. He is also credited with having built a timber bridge across the Clunie and the original Kindrochit Castle, the siting of which was derived from a strategic relation to the crossings of the Grampian Mounth. [ [http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=18037 C. Michael Hogan, "Elsick Mounth", Megalithic Portal, editor: Andy Burnham (2007)] ] The ruins of Kindrochit Castle on the east bank of the Clunie Water, slightly upriver from the bridge in Braemar, are considered to be largely of 14th century origin replacing the presumed timber-construction of the original castle. The name Kindrochit "(bridge end)" is the source of the name Castleton being "Bail Chasteil".

In 1795 a Roman Catholic chapel was built on the high-ground to the west of Auchendryne giving the name to Chapel Brae which, according to Wyness, was being used as a school.

Into the 20th century the village was virtually completely owned and divided by the adjoining estates of Mar – Auchendryne, and Invercauld – Castleton. To some extent the inter-estate rivalry lead to the building of the Fife Arms Hotel in Auchendryne, and the Invercauld Arms Hotel in Castleton. Interestingly – the Invercauld Arms was built over the mound where John "Bobin' Jock" Erskine, 6th Earl of Mar raised the Jacobite standard in 1715.

Auchindryne (to use the spelling by Wyness) from "ach' an droighinn (field of the thorn)" belonged to a branch of the Farquharsons until it was forfeited in the aftermath of the Jacobite Rising of 1745. Later that century is was acquired by William Duff, 1st Earl Fife.

Catholicism has traditionally been strong in the Braemar area, and the bones of Saint Andrew rested in Braemar before being taken to the place now known as St. Andrews.Fact|date=July 2007 The Catholic church in Braemar is dedicated to Saint Andrew was built in 1839.

Braemar has twice entered the UK Weather Records with the lowest ever UK temperature of -27.2^oC, on February 11, 1895 and January 10, 1982. [ [http://www.met-office.gov.uk/climate/uk/extremes/index.html United Kingdom Meteorological Office statistics] ]

Language

In the 1891 census, 59.2% of the population of Braemar spoke the Gaelic language "habitually", the percentage of those actually able to speak the language (despite not having must opportunity to) would have been somewhat higher. The small crofting township of Invereyy ("Inbhir Èidh") was 86.3% Gaelic-speaking, most non-speakers being originally from Lower Deeside. The Gaelic spoken in the Aberdeenshire Highlands shared most features in common with the Gaelic of Strathspey and East Perthshire. The last native-speaker of the local Gaelic dialect died in 1984, though there are still surviving native-speakers of the similar Strathspey dialect.

Braemar Gathering

Known colloquially as "The Games" - and originating from those believed to have been held by Malcolm III - Braemar holds an annual Highland Games Gathering on the first Saturday in September, traditionally attended by the British Royal Family.

In 1746 the Act of Proscription stopped all clan gatherings, but following its repeal in 1782 the old enthusiasms for such events returned. About 1826 the Braemar Highland Society was created; the first modern-day games taking place in 1832. On the 14th September 1844 Queen Victoria attended the gathering at Invercauld. In 1866 "Royal" was added to "Braemar Highland Society" and in 1906 the Duke of Fife gifted 12 acres of Mar Estate to the Society and "The Princess Royal and Duke of Fife Memorial Park", the current home of the "Braemar Gathering", was created.

Since Queen Victoria's time the reigning Monarch has been the patron of the Braemar Royal Highland Society.

Gallery - 2006 Gathering

This gallery shows general views of the 2006 Braemar Gathering

Amenities

Braemar has a golf course, two large hotels (Fife Arms and Invercauld Arms) as well as many smaller hotels and private homes offering bed and breakfast style accommodation and a large SYHA hostel. On the southern edge of the village there is also a caravan site. A tourist information centre is located in the building opposite the Fife Arms Hotel.

Morrone Birkwood Nature Reserve

The Morrone Birkwood Nature Reserve is a nature reserve on the edge of the village reached from the car park at the top of Chapel Brae.

Gallery

This gallery shows general views of Braemar.

ee also

Other articles of local-interest include:
* Allanaquoich
* Braemar Castle
* Cairnwell Pass
* Glen Lui
* Inverey
* Linn of Dee
* Mar Lodge
* Mar Lodge Estate

ources

External links

* [http://www.benravilious.com/search.asp?searchstring=braemar Pictures of Braemar area]
* [http://robinwilson.net/linnofdee/linnofdee.html Panorama of the Linn of Dee] (QuickTime required)
* [http://www.youtube.com/profile_videos?user=BerkshireShootist A YouTube profile with some videos from the 2006 Braemar Gathering]