Lebedev Physical Institute
- Lebedev Physical Institute
The Lebedev Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, situated in Moscow, is one of the leading Russian research institutes specializing in physics. It is also one of the oldest research institutions in Russia: its history dates back to a collection of physics equipment established by Peter the Great in the Kunstkamera of Saint Petersburg in 1714. The institute was established in its present shape in 1934 by academician Sergey Vavilov. It moved to Moscow and was named after a prominent Russian physicist Pyotr Lebedev the same year. It is also known as Lebedev Institute of Physics or just Lebedev Institute. In Russian it is often referred to by the acronym FIAN (ФИАН) standing for "Physical Institute of the Academy of Sciences".
Among the wide range of the research activities, the following fields should be noted: laser technology, dark matter structure, nanostructures, superconductivity, cosmic rays, gamma-astronomy. In addition to broad scientific developments, the institute is known for perfecting a technique of crystallizing cubic zirconia (which was called "Fianit" in Russia, named after FIAN).
Directors of the Institute
# Sergey Vavilov (1934–1951)
# Dmitri Skobeltsyn (1951–1972)
# Nikolay Basov (1973–1988)
# Leonid Keldysh (1988–1994)
# Oleg Krokhin (1994–2004)
# Gennadii Mesyats (2004–)
Nobel prizes awarded to FIAN scientists
* 1958 — Pavel Cherenkov, Igor Tamm, Ilya Frank: "for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov-Vavilov effect".
* 1964 — Nikolay Basov, Aleksandr Prokhorov: "for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle".
* 1975 — Andrei Sakharov won a Peace Prize for his campaigning for human rights.
* 2003 — Vitaly Ginzburg: "for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids".
Publications of the Institute
* "Краткие сообщения по физике"(in Russian); Englidh version: Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute
*"Квантовая электроника"(in Russian); Englidh translation: Russian Journal of Quantum Electronics(formerly Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics)
*
External links
* [http://www.lebedev.ru/ FIAN web site] ru icon
Wikimedia Foundation.
2010.
Look at other dictionaries:
Lebedev — ( ru. Лебедев), or Lebedeva (feminine; Лебедева) is a common Russian family name derived from the word lebed swan. The following notable people have this name:Real people* Alexander Lebedev, Russian businessman and politician * Alexander… … Wikipedia
Lebedev, Pyotr Nikolayevich — ▪ Russian physicist born Feb. 24 [March 8, New Style], 1866, Moscow, Russian Empire died March 1 [March 14, New Style], 1912, Moscow Russian physicist who experimentally proved that light exerts a mechanical pressure on material bodies.… … Universalium
Pyotr Lebedev — Infobox Scientist name = Pyotr Nikolaevich Lebedev image width = caption = birth date = birth date|1866|2|24|df=y birth place = Moscow, Russian Empire residence = nationality = death date = death date and age|1912|3|1|1866|2|24|df=y death place … Wikipedia
Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (National Research Nuclear University) — National Research Nuclear University MEPhI Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет МИФИ Motto Дорогу осилит идущий Motto in English The one who continues to walk will finish the road. Established 1942 Type … Wikipedia
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology — MFTI redirects here. For the counseling psychology credential, see Family therapy. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University) Московский Физико Технический институт (государственный университет) Motto … Wikipedia
Basov, Nikolay Gennadiyevich — ▪ 2002 Soviet physicist (b. Dec. 14, 1922, Usman, near Voronezh, Russia d. July 1, 2001, Moscow, Russia), was corecipient of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1964 with Aleksandr M. Prokhorov, his colleague at the P.N. Lebedev Physical… … Universalium
Nobel Prizes — ▪ 2009 Introduction Prize for Peace The 2008 Nobel Prize for Peace was awarded to Martti Ahtisaari, former president (1994–2000) of Finland, for his work over more than 30 years in settling international disputes, many involving ethnic,… … Universalium
Prokhorov, Aleksandr Mikhaylovich — ▪ 2003 Russian physicist (b. July 11, 1916, Atherton, Queensland, Australia d. Jan. 8, 2002, Moscow, Russia), was corecipient of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1964 with Nikolay G. Basov, his colleague at the P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute … Universalium
Russian Academy of Sciences — s headquarters Established 1724 President Yury Sergeevich Osipov Address Leninsky prospekt 14 … Wikipedia
Nikolay Basov — Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov Born 14 December 1922(1922 12 14) Usman, Russia … Wikipedia
