Happy Arcadia

Happy Arcadia

"Happy Arcadia" is a musical entertaiment with a libretto by W. S. Gilbert and music originally by Frederic Clay that premiered on 28 October 1872 at the Royal Gallery of Illustration. It was one of four collaborations between Gilbert and Clay between 1869 and 1876. The music is lost.

Gilbert and Sullivan later produced a popular comic opera, "Iolanthe" in which two of the characters, Strephon and Phyllis, are "Arcadian" shepherds. Phyllis, like Chloe, is torn between two suitors. The character of Lycidas also anticipates the character of Archibald Grosvenor in "Patience", who is cursed with perfect beauty.

Background

This work is the fifth in a series of six one-act musical plays written by Gilbert for Thomas German Reed and his wife Priscilla between 1869 and 1875. The German Reeds presented respectable, family-friendly musical entertainments at their Gallery of Illustration beginning in 1855, at a time when the theatre in Britain had gained a poor reputation as an unsavory institution and was not attended by much of the middle class. Shakespeare was played, but most of the entertainments consisted of poorly translated French operettas, risque burlesques and incomprehensible broad farces. [ [http://diamond.boisestate.edu/gas/books/bond/introduction.htm Introduction to Bond] ] The Gallery of Illustration was a 500-seat theatre with a small stage that only allowed for four or five characters with accompaniment by a piano, harmonium and sometimes a harp.

The title of "Happy Arcadia" is an oxymoron, as the inhabitants of this fictional Arcadia are anything but happy. Arcadia was a legendary site of rural perfection, first described by the Ancient Greeks, that was a popular setting for writers of the 19th century and artists such as Jean-Antoine Watteau. "Happy Arcadia" has a typical Gilbertian topsy-turvy plot in which magic items grant wishes, and each of the characters becomes someone else. The magic items cause the sort of transformation that fascinated Gilbert throughout his career and that he used in all his "lozenge plot" works, including "The Sorcerer" and "The Mountebanks". [Smith, J. Donald. [http://www.negass.org/bray/pdf/Aug07Bray.pdf "The Trumpet Bray",] Journal of the New England Gilbert and Sullivan Society, August 2007, pp. 4–5] Historian Kurt Gänzl noted that "the highlight of the show was a scene in which, various jealousies having arisen, everyone is simultaneously wishing he were one of the others – and consequently everyone is! [demonstrating Gilbert's] favourite theme of change of identity or personality."Gänzl, pp. 56–57]

As the original score is long lost, others have created their own, and Jonathan Strong's adaptation of Sullivan's non-Gilbert and Sullivan music may be heard on the video of the work by the Boston Massachusetts-based group, Royal Victorian Opera Company. [ Shepherd, Marc. [http://www.concentric.net/~Oakapple/gasdisc/happy_arcadia.htm "Happy Arcadia",] A Gilbert and Sullivan Discography]

Gilbert (who directed and designed his own shows) was busy in the days leading up to the opening of "Happy Arcadia": Four days before "Happy Arcadia" opened, Gilbert's one-act farce, "A Medical Man", opened at St. George's Hall, although it had been published in 1870. The original production of "Happy Arcadia" played from 28 October 1872 to 2 May 1873. A revival, produced by and starring Rutland Barrington, played at St George's Hall from 15 July 1895 to 10 August and again from 4 November until 30 November 1895.

Synopsis

Chloe and Strephon are "completely and intensely miserable. Bored beyond expression." They hate their lambs and flageolets. Chloe: "I always pinch my lamb when nobody's looking." Strephon: "And I always play out of tune when nobody's listening". They irritably agree to break off their engagement. Chloe's parents are also miserable. Her father was a criminal who evaded punishment by fleeing to Arcadia and is now tired of living a life of innocence. He would happily return to a life of iniquity if he could do so without being sentenced to penal servitude. Meanwhile, Strephon's lodger, Astrologos, owes him three months' rent, but as an Arcadian, Strephon can't ask him to pay it, since Arcadians don't care about money. Astrologos notes that he has four magic items, a stick, a ring, a cloak, and a cap, each of which grants one wish, but that he has used up the wishes.

Daphne has news: The handsome, wealthy, gifted Lycidas has determined to renounce the vanities of a worldly life and is going to become an Arcadian, and he has taken a fancy to Chloe. Strephon protests that Chloe is betrothed to him, and that, in order to put up a fight, he'll resign from Arcadia. Lycidas appears, saying he will live in Arcadia, and he asks to be left alone with Chloe. Strephon reluctantly withdraws, and Lycidas asks Chloe to "be mine". Strephon returns with a stick, and Lycidas withdraws, agreeing to return in half an hour. Strephon says that he is no longer an Arcadian and will smash Lycidas if he presumes to address Chloe again.

Astrologos has departed, leaving a package for Strephon containing the four magic items. The instructions say, "Distribute them as you think fit". Strephon decides to auction off three of the items. Each item is auctioned off for four pence. Daphne, left alone, inadvertently wishes that she were in Strephon's shoes, and she immediately changes into Strephon. Meanwhile, Colin has turned into Daphne -- as a woman, he would be able to get away with crimes. Chloe has changed into Colin, hoping to be "a grumpy... old bear like papa," to be out from between her two suitors. Strephon has turned into Chloe. Everyone is distressed by their transformations, and the idea occurs to them that if they exchange magic items, they will each get another wish. They do so and wish to return to their original forms, which they do, and they all happily embrace. Lycidas returns, declaring that Arcadia is no place for him, and he is leaving. They auction all the items to Lycidas, and all ends happily.

Roles and casts of 1872 and 1895 productions

* Strephon - "A happy Arcadian, betrothed to Chloe" (tenor) – Arthur Cecil; Rutland Barrington
* Colin - "A virtuous old peasant, father of Chloe" (baritone) – Alfred Reed; Charles Wibrow
*Daphne - "An elderly Arcadian, Chloe’s mama (married to Colin)" (contralto) – Priscilla German Reed; Fanny Holland (then Emily Cross, then Marion German Reed)
*Chloe - "A happy Arcadian, betrothed to Strephon" (soprano) – Fanny Holland; Maria Garcia (replaced by Chrystal Duncan)
*Astrologos - "A blighted bogey" – R. Corney Grain; George Traill (then Roland Carse)
*Lycidas - "The handsomest man in all the world" – R. Corney Grain; Hilton St Just

Musical numbers

*No. 1. Duet. "Let us sing" - Strephon and Chloe
*No. 2. Song. "Only a Woman" - Colin
*No. 3. Solo "Far away from care and strife" - Lycidas and quartette
*No. 4. Quartette. "Good people all, attend, attend to me"
*No. 5. Identity quartette. "The question of identity, Suppose we now discuss"
*No. 6. Finale. "In this innocent little vale" - Strephon and chorus

Notes

References

*
*
* Gänzl, Kurt. "The British Musical Theatre, Vol 1, 1865-1914", Macmillan: London, 1986 ISBN 0-333-39839-4
*
* (with an introduction by Stedman)

External links

* [http://math.boisestate.edu/GaS/other_gilbert/html/other_gilbert.html Contains a link to "Happy Arcadia" libretto]
* [http://www.concentric.net/~Oakapple/gasdisc/happy_arcadia.htm "Happy Arcadia"] at the G&S Discography


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