Priscilla Horton

, and her performances inspired Gilbert to create some of his famous contralto roles.

Life and career

Horton was born in Birmingham, England. Her parents were Thomas Horton and Barbara Westwater. She had been performing on the stage in London since the age of ten, when she played the Gipsy Girl in "Guy Mannering" at the Surrey Theatre. The next year, Horton sang at Vauxhall Gardens. In 1830, she appeared at Covent Garden Theatre as Mealey Mouth in "Harlequin, Pat, and Bat". In 1834, Horton played Kate in Sheridan Knowles's melodrama "The Beggar's Daughter of Bethnal Green" at the Royal Victorian Theatre. After a number of other successful roles, Horton played Ariel in W. C. Macready's production of "The Tempest" in 1838 at Covent Garden Theatre."Priscilla Reed" in the "Dictionary of National Biography", Lee, Sidney Ed. (1896) London: Smith, Elder & Co., p. 395]

Blond and blue eyed, Horton had sometimes played in "trouser roles", which, by the time Horton entered the profession, had lost much of their risqué aura. She was a favourite of James Planché, Charles Dickens [ [http://books.google.com/books?id=r4gspvfPug0C&pg=RA2-PA1825&lpg=RA2-PA1825&dq=%22priscilla+horton%22+%22german+reed%22&source=web&ots=NowHRxo3KR&sig=V-dt50gcfKdl1JiX3iWnnlVUy3Q Example of a poem and drawing by Charles Dickens for Horton] ] and Madame Vestris and was known for her agile dancing and clear contralto singing voice. Historian Paul Buczkowski wrote of her, "Horton brought a lively intelligence to her roles, and was almost as highly lauded in tragedy (for instance, as Ophelia in "Hamlet" and the Fool in "King Lear") as in comedy. She would appear in most of Planché’s later works, substantially enriching them." [ [http://muse.jhu.edu/demo/marvels_and_tales/v015/15.1buczkowski.pdf Buczkowski, Paul. "J. R. Planché, Frederick Robson, and the Fairy Extravaganza" in "Marvels & Tales: Journal of Fairy-Tale Studies", Vol. 15, No. 1 (2001), pp. 42–65] ]

From 1840 to 1847, Horton joined Benjamin Nottingham Webster's company at the Haymarket Theatre, where she first played Ophelia in 1840. "The Athenaeum" wrote: "The only striking novelty in the performance is the Ophelia of Miss P. Horton, which approaches very nearly to the wild pathos of the original in one scene, and is touching and beautiful in all." ["Athenaeum", 21 March 1840, p. 238] The same year, she created the role of Georgina Vesey in Lord Lytton's "Money". At the Haymarket Theatre from 1843-47, she appeared in many of her Planché Christmas and Easter pieces. During these years, she also appeared at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane as Philidel in Henry Purcell's opera "King Arthur" (1842) and in Planché's "Fortunio and his Seven Gifted Servants" (1843). She married Thomas German Reed in 1844. From 1847-54, she continued to play roles at the Haymarket, Drury Lane and Olympic theatres as well as in provincial tours.

). To help lend respectability to their family-friendly entertainments, they called their establishment the "Gallery" of Illustration, rather than a "theatre", and the pieces they put on were called "entertainments," rather than plays, extravaganzas, or burlesques, to interest family audiences who were afraid of the bad reputation in which the professional theatre was regarded at the time.

The entertainments focused on satire and "clean" comedy, eschewing any hint of the vulgarity that permeated the London stage. Reed himself composed the music for many of these pieces, and often appeared in them, together with Mrs. German Reed. Horton was a mentor to dramatist W. S. Gilbert, who wrote six short operas for the German Reeds, each with a prominent role for Horton, and these roles became the pattern for his later contralto characters in the Savoy Operas.

Thomas retired in 1871, and Horton, together with their son, Alfred (1847-1895), continued the entertainments until her retirement in 1879, when Alfred took over their production until 1895. She retired from performing in 1879. She died at the age of 77 at Bexley Heath, Kent, England.

Notes

References

*cite book|last=Williamson|first=David, ed.|year=1895|title=The German Reeds and Corney Grain; records and reminiscences|locatin=London|publisher=A.D. Innes
*

External links

* [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?intldl/carroll:@field(DOCID+lchtml003401) Description of an "Illustrative Gathering"]
* [http://www-personal.umd.umich.edu/~nainjaun/ Planche site with information about Mrs. German Reed]
* [http://www-personal.umd.umich.edu/~nainjaun/chronos.html A chronology with some information about Mrs. German Reed]
* [http://www.npg.org.uk/live/search/person.asp?LinkID=mp70908 Photos of Mrs. German Reed]
* [http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/GEO_GNU/GERMAN_REED_ENTERTAINMENT.html Encyclopedia entry about the German Reeds]
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=a1g4AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA226&lpg=PA226&dq=%22priscilla+horton%22+macready+ariel&source=web&ots=h2MOVsBgBQ&sig=VQ5ixhF1C4QFflhSBz52hZ7FrtI Description of Horton and her performances]
* [http://www.arthurlloyd.co.uk/StGeorgesHallLanghamPlaceLondon.htm Information about St George's Hall, including reviews of Mrs. Reed's performances]