Battle of Frastanz

Infobox Military Conflict
conflict=Battle of Frastanz
partof=the Swabian War


caption=Depiction of the battle from the "Luzerner Schilling", 1513.
date=April 20, 1499
place=Frastanz, Vorarlberg, today in Austria
casus=
territory=
result=Swiss victory
combatant1=Old Swiss Confederacy and the Three Leagues of the Grisons
combatant2=forces of king Maximilian I of the Holy Roman Empire
commander1=Heinrich Wolleb†,HDS|8890|Battle of Frastanz|author=Schibler, T.|date=2005-03-31]
Ulrich (IX) von SaxKlöppel, H.: " [http://www.schule-sax.ch/sagenwelt/hintergrund_02.htm Burg und Herrschaft Frischenberg] ". In German. URL last accessed 2006-09-17.]
commander2=Burkhard von Knörringen,
Johann von KönigseggN.N.: " [http://home.schule.at/webs/Landsknechte/chronik.htm Short summary of the battle] ". In German. URL last accessed 2006-09-17.]
strength1=ca. 9,000 infantry
strength2=ca. 8,000 knights and "Landsknechte" at Frastanz,
ca. 1,500 Tyrolian soldiers on the Roya mountain
casualties1=ca. 10 dead;
ca. 60 woundedState Archive of Liechtenstein: " [http://www.llv.li/pdf-llv-la-reg_si_1499.pdf Liechtensteinisches Urkundenbuch; Regesten: 1499] ". URL last accessed 2009-09-17.]
casualties2=ca. 2 – 3,000 dead
casualties3=
notes=

The Battle of Frastanz between an army of the Old Swiss Confederacy and the troops of king Maximilian I of the Holy Roman Empire took place on April 20, 1499. In one of the many raids of the Swabian War, an expedition of Habsburg troops had plundered some villages in the Swiss Confederacy, who responded by sending an army to Vorarlberg. At Frastanz, a few kilometers south-east of Feldkirch, the Habsburg troops had blocked the entry to the Montafon valley with a strong wooden fortification called a "Letzi". The Swiss used a flanking maneuver to bypass the "Letzi" and after a hard battle routed Maximilian's army. Many "Landsknechte" drowned in the river Ill.

The battle

Because a frontal assault on the strong fortifications at Frastanz seemed futile, the commander of the Swiss troops, Heinrich Wolleb from Uri, devised an alternate battle plan. Some 2,000 men were to cross the Roya mountain, clear it from Tyrolean troops and then attack the main camp of the Habsburg army from the side. Another 5,000 men under the command of count Ulrich von Sax were to advance at the foot of the mountain and then meet the first group, also attacking from the mountain above and behind the "Letzi". Some 1,600 men from the Grisons should stay put to keep the garrison at Feldkirch at bay.

Wolleb's troop was quickly engaged by the Tyrolean soldiers, but managed to drive them down the mountain. At a place called Fellengatter, they met again with the other part of the Swiss army. The Habsburg troops, amongst them many "Landsknechte" of the Swabian League, attacked them, but when the Swiss charged from their higher ground, the Swabian battle line collapsed. Accounts vary; some claim the fight was long and hard, others mention that the Swiss overran the "Landsknechte".Forum 1499: " [http://www.1499.ch/ausstellung/thema15.html Wie die Schwäbschen gan Frastitz in die Letze zugend, und die Eitgnossen das vernamend, schnell dahin zugend und die gewunend und ein grosse schlacht tatend] ". In German. URL last accessed 2006-09-17.] N.N.: " [http://www.frastanz.at/content.asp?strContId=26 Frastanz im Mittelalter] ". In German. URL last accessed 2006-09-17.] Heinrich Wolleb fell through a gun bullet.Morard, N.: "Die Eidgenossen auf der europäischen Bühne", here p. 323; in Schwabe & Co. (ed.): "Geschichte der Schweiz und der Schweizer"; Schwabe & Co 1986/2004; ISBN 3-7965-2067-7.] The Swiss ultimately drove the Habsburg soldiers back. On their flight, many drowned in the river Ill, which ran high due to the snowmelt in spring.

The Swiss camped three days at the battlefield and plundered and burned the villages in the area.Stüssi-Lauterburg, J.: " [http://www.1499.ch/referate/juerg_stuessi_calven.pdf Der Schwabenkrieg 1499] ", 1999. (PDF file, 37kB.) In German. URL last accessed 2006-09-17.]

References