Rock Creek Park

Infobox_protected_area | name = Rock Creek Park
iucn_category = V

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caption =
locator_x = 240
locator_y = 76
location = District of Columbia, USA
nearest_city = Washington, D.C.
lat_degrees = 38
lat_minutes = 57
lat_seconds = 10
lat_direction = N
long_degrees = 77
long_minutes = 2
long_seconds = 30
long_direction = W
area = 2,820.34 acres (11.41 km²)
established = September 27, 1890
visitation_num = 2,115,516
visitation_year = 2004
governing_body = National Park Service

Rock Creek Park is a large urban natural area with public park facilities that bisects Washington, D.C. The park is administered by the National Park Service.

Rock Creek Park

The main section of the park contains 1,754 acres (7 km²) along the Rock Creek Valley — more than twice the size of Central Park in New York City. In addition to the other green areas the park administers, (Glover Archbold Park, Montrose Park, Dumbarton Oaks Park, Meridian Hill Park, Battery Kemble Park, Palisades Park, Whitehaven Park, etc.) it is over 2,000 acres (8 km²). The major portion of the area lies north of the National Zoo, and was established by act of Congress made law by President Benjamin Harrison on September 27, 1890, the same year that Yosemite National Park was established. A later addition of the Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway extended the park along a narrow corridor from the zoo to the mouth of Rock Creek at the Potomac River. In 1933, Rock Creek Park, along with other National Capital Parks, was transferred to the jurisdiction of the National Park Service, and it is patrolled by Federal Park Police. Legislative language from its establishment, and the character of the park itself, suggests that it is among the oldest of America's national parks.

Recreation facilities include equestrian trails; sport venues, including a tennis stadium which hosts major professional events; a nature center and planetarium; an outdoor concert venue; and picnic and playground facilities. Rock Creek Park also maintains cultural exhibits, including the Peirce Mill and Civil War fortifications, such as Fort Stevens and Fort DeRussy. Rock Creek is a popular venue for jogging, cycling, and inline skating, especially on the long, winding Beach Drive, as well as the path of a major traffic thoroughfare, the Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway, especially along the portion south of the zoo.

The parklands follow the course of Rock Creek across the D.C.-Maryland border to connect with Rock Creek Stream Valley Park and Rock Creek Regional Park in Montgomery County. The Maryland parks are operated by the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission.

"Rock Creek Historic District" was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 23, 1991.

In May 2002, the remains of missing Federal Bureau of Prisons intern Chandra Levy were found in Rock Creek Park. Police had been searching for her for over a year.

Battleground National Cemetery

Infobox nrhp
name = Battleground National Cemetery
nrhp_type =

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caption = Forty-one Union soldiers killed at the Battle of Fort Stevens were buried at Battleground National Cemetery, a few blocks from the site of the battle
location = 6625 Georgia Ave., NW
Washington, D.C.
nearest_city =
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lat_minutes =
lat_seconds =
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long_degrees =
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area =
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added = October 15, 1966
visitation_num =
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refnum =66000032
mpsub =
governing_body = National Park Service

Battleground National Cemetery, located at 6625 Georgia Avenue, NW (coord|38|58|15|N|77|1|36|W|), was established shortly after the Battle of Fort Stevens in the summer of 1864. The battle marked the defeat of General Jubal A. Early's Confederate campaign to launch an offensive action against the national capital. The Battle of Fort Stevens was notable as only the second military action in which a sitting President of the United States (Abraham Lincoln) came under direct fire from an enemy force.

The cemetery was administratively listed on the National Register on October 15, 1966 and is one of the smallest national cemeteries. [ [http://www.nps.gov/archive/rocr/ftcircle/btcemet.htm Battleground Cemetery ] ]

Meridian Hill Park

Montrose and Dumbarton Oaks Parks

Montrose Park (coord|38|54|55|N|77|3|39|W|) occupies land that belonged to Robert Parrott. Adjacent to it is Dumbarton Oak Park, which preserves the grounds of the former Dumbarton Oaks estate. The house is not part of the park.

Both parks were listed on the National Register on May 28, 1967.

Old Stone House

The Old Stone House, one of the oldest known structures remaining in the nation's capital, is a simple 18th century dwelling built and inhabited by common people. Its beautiful English garden is a popular and tranquil oasis in the busy shopping district of Georgetown (coord|38|54|19|N|77|3|37|W|). The house itself is a popular museum to everyday life of middle class colonial America.

The house was listed on the National Register on November 30, 1973.

Peirce Mill

Peirce Mill is a water powered grist mill in Rock Creek Park (coord|38|56|25|N|77|3|7|W|). There were at least eight mills along Rock Creek within what is now Washington D.C., and many more further upstream in Montgomery County, Maryland. Of those eight, only Peirce Mill is still standing.

It was built in the 1820s by Isaac Peirce along with a house, barn, and other buildings. It was later owned by a son, Joshua Peirce, and a nephew Peirce Shoemaker. It became part of Rock Creek Park when the park was created in the 1890s.

The family consistently spelled their name "Peirce" (except for some of Isaac Peirce ancestors who went by Pearce). Others often use "Pierce" but not the family. Evidence includes family gravestones, family bible and estate book from Joshua Peirce, and living descendants who still use the old spelling.

The mill was listed on the National Register on March 24, 1969.

The mill is currently not open for tours because of repair work.

Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway

Administrative history

Congressional authorizations:
*Rock Creek Park - September 27, 1890
*Meridian Hill Park - June 25, 1910
*Montrose Park - March 2, 1911
*Rock Creek & Potomac Parkway - March 4, 1913
*Dumbarton Oaks Park - December 2, 1940

Trivia

"Rock Creek Park," a 1975 song by the R&B-jazz-funk fusion group The Blackbyrds, from their "City Life" album, immortalized the space as a site for nighttime trysts; e.g., "Doing it in the park / Doing it after dark, oh, yeah / Rock Creek Park, oh, yeah / Rock Creek Park."

A major character in Kim Stanley Robinson's 2005 novel "Fifty Degrees Below" lives in a tree house in Rock Creek park as an experiment in "intentional Paleolithic living".

References

External links

* [http://www.nps.gov/rocr/ National Park Service: Rock Creek Park]
** [http://www.nps.gov/batt/ Battleground National Cemetery]
** [http://www.nps.gov/mehi/ Meridian Hill Park]
** [http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/wash/dc11.htm Montrose and Dumbarton Parks]
** [http://www.nps.gov/olst/ The Old Stone House]
** [http://www.nps.gov/pimi/ Peirce Mill]
* [http://www.doaks.org/ Dumbarton Oaks]
* [http://www.peircemill-friends.org/ Friends of Peirce Mill]
* [http://ohadonline.com/rockcreek Photos of Rock Creek Park]