Charles Williams (U.S. author)

Charles Williams
Born	August 13, 1909 San Angelo, Texas
Died	ca. April 7, 1975 Los Angeles, California
Occupation	Writer, electronics inspector

Charles Williams (August 13, 1909 – ca. April 7, 1975) was an American writer of hardboiled crime fiction. He is regarded by critics as one of the finest suspense novelists of the 1950s and 1960s. His 1951 debut, the pulp paperback novel Hill Girl, sold over a million copies. A dozen of his books have been adapted for the screen, most popularly Dead Calm.

Life

Williams was born in the central Texas town of San Angelo. After attending school through tenth grade, in 1929 he enlisted in the US Merchant Marine. He served for ten years before leaving to marry Lasca Foster. Having trained as a radioman during his seafaring career, Williams worked as an electronics inspector, first for RCA in Galveston, Texas, later at Puget Sound Navy Yard in Washington State through the end of World War II. He and his wife then moved to San Francisco, where he worked at Mackay Radio until the publication of his first novel, Hill Girl, in 1951. It was a great success, and Williams spent the rest of his professional career as a writer, primarily of novels, with several screenplays also to his credit. The couple changed residences frequently and apparently spent considerable time in France, where Williams's work has an excellent reputation. After the death of his wife from cancer in 1972, Williams purchased property on the California-Oregon border where he lived alone for a time in a trailer. Ultimately relocating to Los Angeles, Williams committed suicide in his apartment in the Van Nuys neighborhood in early April 1975. He was survived by a daughter, Alison.^[1] Many sources continue to repeat the false rumor that Williams died by drowning in the Gulf of Mexico or in France.

Literary style

Hell Hath No Fury (1953), one of Williams's best known novels

Williams's work is identified with the noir fiction subgenre of hardboiled crime writing. His 1953 novel Hell Hath No Fury—published by the defining pulp crime fiction house, Gold Medal Books—was the first paperback original to merit a review from renowned critic Anthony Boucher of The New York Times. Boucher relates Williams to two of the most famous noir fiction writers: "The striking suspense technique...may remind you of [Cornell] Woolrich; the basic story, with its bitter blend of sex and criminality, may recall James M. Cain. But Mr. Williams is individually himself in his sharp but unmannered prose style and in his refusal to indulge in sentimental compromises."^[2] Ed Gorman's description of a characteristic Williams novel, Man on the Run (1958), outlines the essential elements that associate it with the noir fiction category: "a) a falsely accused man trying to elude police, b) a lonely woman as desperate in her way as the man on the run, c) enough atmospherics (night, rain, fog) to enshroud a hundred films noir."^[3] Cultural critic Geoffrey O'Brien further details Williams's "chief characteristics":

a powerfully evoked natural setting, revelation of character through sexual attitudes and behavior, and a conversational narrative voice that makes the flimsiest tale seem worth telling.... His narrator is generally an ordinary, curiously amoral fellow fueled by greed and lust but curiously detached from his own crimes. [A number of his books] are variations on the same serviceable plot: boy meets money, boy gets money, boy loses money. Each of them hinges on a woman, and it is in the intricacies of the man-woman relationship that Williams finds his real subject.... [O]ften the woman is both more intelligent and—even when she is a criminal—more aware of moral complexities than the affectless hero.^[4]

Lee Horsley describes how Williams frequently satirizes his male protagonists' points of view, while implicitly reassessing the traditional genre figure of the femme fatale.^[5]

Williams's novel River Girl (1951) is described by pulp fiction expert George Tuttle as a "classic example of backwoods noir...us[ing] an Erskine Caldwell type setting to heighten the sexual overtones of the story."^[6] Many of Williams's other novels are also of this "backwoods noir" type: Hill Girl; Big City Girl; Go Home, Stranger; The Diamond Bikini; Girl Out Back; and Uncle Sagamore and His Girls. Williams also turned often, particularly late in his career, to what might be called "blue-water noir": Scorpion Reef, The Sailcloth Shroud, Aground, Dead Calm, and And The Deep Blue Sea. Woody Haut argues that Williams, like fellow pulp novelist Charles Willeford, wrote stories fueled by an "antipathy to state power, state crimes and the creation of social conditions leading to criminal activity. Relying on wit, humor and ingenious plotting, Williams's characters constantly attempt to outwit the system."^[7]

Historical notability

2006 reprint edition of A Touch of Death (1954)

"You got a TV?" Virginia Madsen in The Hot Spot (1990), adapted from Hell Hath No Fury

Cover of Big City Girl (1951)

Cover of Talk of the Town (1958)

Of Williams's twenty-two novels, sixteen were paperback originals—eleven of them Gold Medals; he is described by Gorman as "the best of all the Gold Medal writers."^[8] Pulp historian Woody Haut calls Williams the "foremost practitioner"^[9] of the style of suspense that typified American pulp literature from the mid-1950s through the early 1960s: "So prolific and accomplished a writer was Charles Williams that he single-handedly made many subsequent pulp culture novels seem like little more than parodies."^[10] Fellow hardboiled author John D. MacDonald cites him as one of the most undeservedly neglected writers of his generation.^[11] O'Brien, singling him out as especially "overdue" for "wider appreciation," describes Williams as a stylist consistently faithful to "the narrative values which make his books so entertaining and his present neglect so inexplicable."^[12]

As of mid-2006, only three of Williams's novels are in print in the United States: River Girl, Nothing in Her Way (1953), and A Touch of Death (1954). Most of his work is currently in print in France, issued primarily by Rivages and Gallimard's Série noire. At present, two of the five officially released English-language movies based on his writing are available on DVD in North America: Dead Calm (1989), directed by Phillip Noyce and starring Nicole Kidman, Sam Neill, and Billy Zane, and The Hot Spot (1990), directed by Dennis Hopper and starring Don Johnson, Virginia Madsen, and Jennifer Connelly. In addition, the French production Vivement dimanche! (Confidentially Yours) (1983), directed by François Truffaut and starring Fanny Ardant and Jean-Louis Trintignant, is currently available on US video.

Williams on screen

While Williams is little known by the general American audience today, between 1960 and 1990 twelve of his novels were adapted for cinema or television in the United States, France, and Australia:

• All the Way – The 3rd Voice (1960); Peau de banane (Banana Peel) (1963)
• The Big Bite – Le Gros coup (1964)
• Aground – L' Arme à gauche (The Dictator's Guns) (1965)
• The Wrong Venus – Don't Just Stand There! (1968)
• Dead Calm – The Deep (1970—unfinished); Dead Calm (1989)
• The Diamond Bikini – Fantasia chez les ploucs (1971)
• Talk of the Town (uncredited) – Cannon (pilot) (1971)
• The Sailcloth Shroud – The Man Who Would Not Die (aka Target in the Sun) (1975)
• The Long Saturday Night – Vivement dimanche! (Confidentially Yours) (1983)
• Man on the Run – Mieux vaut courir (1989)
• Hill Girl – La Fille des collines (1990)
• Hell Hath No Fury – The Hot Spot (1990)

Of the preceding, Williams wrote the screenplays for Don't Just Stand There! and, with Nona Tyson, The Hot Spot. He is credited as co-screenwriter on Peau de banane and L' Arme à gauche. He also wrote the screenplay to The Pink Jungle (1968), adapting a novel by Alan Williams (no relation), and cowrote Les Félins (Joy House) (1964), adapting a novel by Day Keene.

Bibliography

(novels in publication order, with alternate titles in the US and the UK; original year of publication; publisher name; and, for Gold Medal and Dell books, initial publication number)

• Hill Girl (1951; Gold Medal 141)
• Big City Girl (1951; Gold Medal 163)
• River Girl (aka The Catfish Tangle) (1951; Gold Medal G207)
• Hell Hath No Fury (aka The Hot Spot) (1953; Gold Medal 286)
• Nothing in Her Way (1953; Gold Medal 340)
• Go Home, Stranger (1954; Gold Medal 371)
• A Touch of Death (aka Mix Yourself a Redhead; based on 1953 novella And Share Alike) (1954; Gold Medal 434)
• Scorpion Reef (aka Gulf Coast Girl; based on novella Flight to Nowhere) (1955; Macmillan hc [reprint: Dell 898])
• The Big Bite (1956; Dell A114)
• The Diamond Bikini (1956; Gold Medal s607)
• Girl Out Back (aka Operator; based on 1957 novella titled either Operator or Operation) (1958; Dell B114)
• Talk of the Town (aka Stain of Suspicion; also condensed under that title) (1958; Dell A164)
• All the Way (aka The Concrete Flamingo) (1958; Dell A165)
• Man on the Run (aka Man in Motion) (1958; Gold Medal 822)
• Uncle Sagamore and His Girls (1959; Gold Medal s908)
• The Sailcloth Shroud (1960; Viking hc [reprint: Dell D410])
• Aground (1960; Viking hc)
• The Long Saturday Night (aka Confidentially Yours; Finally, Sunday!) (1962; Gold Medal s1200)
• Dead Calm (condensed as Pacific Honeymoon) (1963; Viking hc)
• The Wrong Venus (aka Don't Just Stand There) (1966; New American Library hc)
• And The Deep Blue Sea (1971; Signet pb)
• Man on a Leash (1973; Putnam hc)

Note: The novel Fires of Youth (1960; Magnet 309) is credited to "Charles Williams." There is currently no definitive evidence available that it was written by the Charles Williams discussed in this article. The novel—variously described as "sleaze," "pulp erotica," and "a coming of age story"—is said to read like Williams in terms of literary craft, but the teenaged themes are atypical for him and it was put out by one of the smaller pulp publishing houses during his period of success. Neither the covers nor the other publisher's content of the book make reference to the work already published by the Charles Williams here in question.^[13]

References

1. ^ General biographical data: Gorman (1998a), Lynskey (2004). Date of death: Lynskey (2004)—"His body was recovered in his apartment on April 7, 1975."
2. ^ Boucher (1953), p. 38.
3. ^ Gorman (1998a), p. 251.
4. ^ O'Brien (1997), pp. 143–144.
5. ^ Horsley (2005), p. 244.
6. ^ Tuttle (1997).
7. ^ Haut (1995), p. 168.
8. ^ Gorman (1998b), p. 185.
9. ^ Haut (1995), p. 64.
10. ^ Haut (1995), p. 170.
11. ^ Gorman (1998c), p. 210.
12. ^ O'Brien (1997), pp. 142, 145.
13. ^ Charles Williams (An Offshoot of Spirited Discussions) RARA-AVIS discussion thread.

Sources

Published

• Boucher, Anthony (1953). "Report on Criminals at Large," New York Times Book Review, November 29.
• Gorman, Ed (1998a). "Fifteen Impressions of Charles Williams," in The Big Book of Noir, ed. Ed Gorman, Lee Server, and Martin H. Greenberg (New York: Carroll & Graf), 251–254. ISBN 0-7867-0574-4
• Gorman, Ed (1998b). "The Golden Harvest: Twenty-Five-Cent Paperbacks," in The Big Book of Noir, ed. Gorman et al., 183–190.
• Gorman, Ed (1998c). "John D. MacDonald," in The Big Book of Noir, ed. Gorman et al., 209–211.
• Haut, Woody (1995). Pulp Culture: Hardboiled Fiction and the Cold War (London: Serpent's Tail). ISBN 1-85242-319-6
• Horsley, Lee (2005). Twentieth-Century Crime Fiction (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press). ISBN 0-19-928345-1
• O'Brien, Geoffrey (1997). Hardboiled America: Lurid Paperbacks and the Masters of Noir, expanded ed. (New York: Da Capo). ISBN 0-306-80773-4

Online

• Lynskey, Ed (2004). "The High Seas of Charles Williams" well-sourced essay by mystery writer; part of Allan Guthrie's Noir Originals webzine.
• Tuttle, George (1997). "What Is Noir?" essay and chronology by published noir critic.

On the success of Hill Girl

• An article by Ed Lynskey, "Charles Williams: More Than a Slight Return", which appeared in the August 2003 issue of Allan Guthrie's Noir Originals webzine, claims that Hill Girl "sold an astonishing 2.5 million copies." This unsourced claim is almost certainly an overstatement, even if it includes foreign sales, which is not hinted at. The cover of the book's eighth Gold Medal printing, dated August 1957, states, "Now in its second million," meaning before the given printing—likely 100,000 or 200,000 copies—Hill Girl had probably sold a total of 900,000 or 1 million copies. According to the edition's front matter, the first six printings all occurred between December 1950 (though the novel is copyrighted 1951) and November 1951. The seventh took place in November 1954. That three-year gap and the one of nearly three years that preceded the eighth printing indicate a substantial slowdown in what, by any standard, are still very impressive sales. Given this publishing record, it is hard to imagine Hill Girl wound up selling even as many as 1.5 million copies through Gold Medal. There is no evidence of it ever having been put out by another American publisher. In his essay "What Is Noir?" (see above), George Tuttle, though he does not indicate the source of his figures, claims Gold Medal sales of 1,226,890 copies for Hill Girl, which is entirely plausible.

External links

• Charles Williams (III) Williams's motion picture CV; part of the IMDb website
• "Fatal Women in the Hard-Boiled Fifties" excerpt from Lee Horsley's The Noir Thriller (2001), with analysis of three Williams novels
• "The Gold Medal Corner: Charles Williams" survey by Bill Crider with bibliography by Steve Lewis, February 2005; part of Mystery*File website
• "A Philosophical Thriller: Charles Williams' Dead Calm" intriguing, highly speculative essay on the writer and novel by John Fraser, 1990/2001 (note that Fraser cites the widely circulated but incorrect story that Williams drowned himself)
• A Touch of Death excerpt from the novel: chapter 1; part of the Hard Case Crime website
• "A Touch of Death, by Charles Wiliams" review by Ed Gorman, January 29, 2006; part of Gormania weblog
• Bibliographie et filmographie de Charles Williams detailed, well-illustrated French bibliography

Persondata
Name	Williams, Charles
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	August 13, 1909
Place of birth	San Angelo, Texas
Date of death	April 7, 1975
Place of death	Los Angeles, California