James F. Robinson

Infobox Governor
name = James F. Robinson


order = 22^nd
office = Governor of Kentucky
term_start = August 18, 1862cite web |url=http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.29fab9fb4add37305ddcbeeb501010a0/?vgnextoid=e85137a59b066010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD&vgnextchannel=e449a0ca9e3f1010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD |title=Kentucky Governor James Fisher Robinson |publisher=National Governors Association |accessdate=2007-05-06]
term_end = September 1, 1863
lieutenant =
predecessor = Beriah Magoffin
successor = Thomas E. Bramlette
order2 =
term_start2 =
term_end2 =
predecessor2 =
successor2 =
birth_date = birth date|mf=yes|1800|10|4|mf=y
birth_place = Scott County, Kentucky
death_date = death date and age |mf=yes|1882|10|31|1800|10|04
death_place = Scott County, Kentucky
party = Democrat
spouse = Susan Mansell
Willina Herndon
Caroline Hening
profession = Lawyer, Farmercite book |title="The Encyclopedia of Kentucky" |publisher=Somerset Publishers |location=New York, New York |year=1987 |isbn=0403099811]
religion = Baptist

James Fisher Robinson (October 4, 1800 - October 31, 1882) was the twenty-second Governor of Kentucky, serving the remainder of the unfinished term of Governor Beriah Magoffin. Magoffin, a Confederate sympathizer, became increasingly ineffective after the elections of 1861 yielded a supermajority to pro-Union forces in both houses of the Kentucky General Assembly. Magoffin agreed to resign the governorship, provided he could select his successor. He selected Robinson.

Politically, Robinson opposed both secession and abolition.cite book |editor=Kleber, John E. |others=Associate editors: Thomas D. Clark, Lowell H. Harrison, and James C. Klotter |title="The Kentucky Encyclopedia" |year=1992 |publisher=The University Press of Kentucky |location=Lexington, Kentucky |isbn=0813117720 |chapter=Robinson, James Fisher] Though he had Union sympathies, he was considered a moderate, opposing both fugitive slave laws and the enlistment of black soldiers. As a state senator, he supported the Crittenden Compromise and opposed the Civil War. As governor, he drew criticism from the administration of President Abraham Lincoln for opposing the Emancipation Proclamation.

Early life

Robinson was born to Jonathan and Jane Black Robinson in Scott County, Kentucky on October 4, 1800.cite book |last=Powell |first=Robert A. |title="Kentucky Governors" |publisher=Bluegrass Printing Company |location=Danville, Kentucky |year=1976 |id=OCLC|2690774|chapter=James Fisher Robinson] His early studies were done under a private tutor, then under Presbyterian minister Robert Marshall. He attended Forest Hill Academy and Transylvania University, graduating in 1818. His brother, John McCracken Robinson graduated in the same class and moved to Illinois, where he eventually served two terms as a U.S. Senator.cite book |last=Egle |first=William Henry |title=Pennsylvania Genealogies: Scotch-Irish and German |publisher=Lane S. Hart |location=Harrisburg, Pennsylvania |year=1886 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=d7_akH9VO_cC&dq=%22james+fisher+robinson%22 |pages=p. 553] James Robinson studied law under William T. Barry, and was admitted to the bar, beginning his practice in Georgetown, Kentucky.

On December 29, 1821, Robinson married Susan Mansell of Georgetown, the first of his three wives. Mansell and Robinson had two children, a son and a daughter, before Mansell died in 1835. Robinson married Willina S. Herndon of Scott County on March 21, 1839. The couple had eight children, seven of whom survived to adulthood. Herndon died in 1861. [cite web |url=http://firstlady.ky.gov/first+lady+dolls/First+Ladies+-+13th+-+22nd/pic10.htm |title=First Ladies: 13th through 22nd |publisher=Commonwealth of Kentucky |date=2005-08-25 |accessdate=2007-05-30]

Political career

Robinson's political career began in 1851, when he was elected to the Kentucky Senate as a Whig without opposition. He did not immediately seek re-election, but was again elected to the state Senate in 1861 over challenger James B. Beck. He was elected Speaker of the Senate on September 2, 1861, but resigned the post only a few days later.cite book |title="Kentucky's Governors" |editor=Lowell H. Harrison |publisher=The University Press of Kentucky |location=Lexington, Kentucky |year=2004 |isbn=0813123267 |chapter=James F. Robinson]

Robinson again assumed the position as Speaker of the Senate on August 16, 1862 as part of a political deal to effect the resignation of Governor Beriah Magoffin. Magoffin's lieutenant governor, Linn Boyd, had died in office in 1859, and Magoffin was unwilling to allow John Fisk, then Senate Speaker and next in line for the governorship, to succeed him. Magoffin agreed to resign if the Senate would elect Robinson as Speaker, putting him next in line for the governorship. This was done, and at 10:00 a.m. on August 18, 1862, Robinson succeeded Magoffin upon the latter's resignation.

The Civil War was ongoing during Robinson's administration. During Robinson's tenure, the Confederacy made its major advance into the Commonwealth. In an attempt to protect the citizens of the Commonwealth, Robinson raised taxes in an effort to revive Kentucky's state militia. He was also concerned with the effect the war had on public education in the state. He asked the General Assembly to investigate the condition of state schools, especially in war-ravaged areas, and encouraged them to accept the Lincoln administration's offer of land to establish an agricultural and mechanical college.

Robinson proudly noted that by January 1, 1863, a divided Kentucky had still managed to send 44,000 soldiersndash fifty-one regimentsndash to aid the Union cause. At the same time, he lamented what he perceived as poor treatment of the state as disloyal by the Federal government. He cited examples such as the declaration of martial law in the Commonwealth and the suspension of the right of habeas corpus for its citizens. He answered President Lincoln's contention "that military necessity is not to be measured by Constitutional limits" by warning "If military necessity is not to be measured by Constitutional limits, we are no longer a free people."

On completion of his term, Robinson supported his eventual successor, Thomas E. Bramlette. The constitutional questions Robinson raised during his administration shaped much of the political debate for Bramlette's term.

Later life and death

Following his term as governor, Robinson retired to "Cardome," his family farm in Scott County. Politically, he became more distant from the national administration, supporting George B. McClellan for president in 1864. He served as president of the Farmers' Bank of Georgetown and chair of the Georgetown College Board of Trustees. On December 1, 1873, he married his third wife, Caroline "Carrie" Hening of Georgetown, who was 36 years his junior. He died on October 31, 1882, and is buried in the Georgetown Cemetery in Georgetown, Kentucky.

References

External links

* [http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=13279140 Find-A-Grave profile for James F. Robinson]

ee also

*History of Kentucky
*Kentucky in the Civil War

Further reading

*cite book |last=Perrin |first=William Henry |title=History of Bourbon, Scott, Harrison and Nicholas Counties, Kentucky |publisher=O. L. Baskin & Co. |location=Chicago, Illinois |year=1882 |url=http://www.usbiographies.org/biographies/read.php?465,2199,2199 |pages=p. 608

Persondata
NAME=Robinson, James Fisher
ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
SHORT DESCRIPTION=Governor of Kentucky
DATE OF BIRTH=October 4, 1800
PLACE OF BIRTH=Scott County, Kentucky
DATE OF DEATH=October 31, 1882
PLACE OF DEATH=Scott County, Kentucky