Claude glass

Painting by Claude Lorrain (1655-1660) shows the gradation of tone that artists hoped to emulate with the help of a Claude glass.

A Claude glass (or black mirror) is a small mirror, slightly convex in shape, with its surface tinted a dark colour. Bound up like a pocket-book or in a carrying case, black mirrors were used by artists, travellers and connoisseurs of landscape and landscape painting. Black Mirrors have the effect of abstracting the subject reflected in it from its surroundings, reducing and simplifying the colour and tonal range of scenes and scenery to give them a painterly quality.

They were famously used by picturesque artists in England in the late 18th and early 19th centuries as a frame for drawing sketches of picturesque landscapes.^[1] The user would turn his back on the scene to observe the framed view through the tinted mirror—in a sort of pre-photographic lens—which added the picturesque aesthetic of a subtle gradation of tones. Father Thomas West in his A Guide to the Lakes (1778) explained "The person using it ought always to turn his back to the object that he views. It should be suspended by the upper part of the case…holding it a little to the right or the left (as the position of the parts to be viewed require) and the face screened from the sun."

The Claude glass is named for Claude Lorrain, a 17th-century landscape painter, whose name in the late 18th century became synonymous with the picturesque aesthetic. The Claude glass was supposed to help artists produce works of art similar to those of Claude. Reverend William Gilpin, the inventor of the picturesque ideal, advocated the use of a Claude glass saying, "they give the object of nature a soft, mellow tinge like the colouring of that Master".

Black mirrors were widely used by tourists and amateur artists, who quickly became the targets of satire. Hugh Sykes Davies observed their facing away from the object they wished to paint, commenting: "It is very typical of their attitude to Nature that such a position should be desirable".^[2]

See also

• Camera lucida
• Camera obscura

References

1. ^ "Claude Glass". Paintings & Drawings. Victoria and Albert Museum. http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/paintings/features/cheating/claude/index.html. Retrieved 2007-06-07. 
2. ^ James Buzard (2002). "The Grand Tour and after 1660-1840", in The Cambridge Companion to Travel Writing. ISBN 0-521-78140-X

External links

• "Picture of a Claude glass". Victoria and Albert Museum. http://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O78676/claude-glass/. Retrieved 2007-06-07. 
• "A demonstration of an Early Victorian Claude glass". http://gallery.me.com/ewanlamont#100120. Retrieved 2010-08-10. 
• "University of Windsor website about Claude glasses, and link to a Claude glass webcam". http://web2.uwindsor.ca/hrg/amckay/Claudemirror.com/Claudemirror.com/Entrance.html.