Kiyonao Ichiki

Infobox Military Person
name= Kiyonao Ichiki
lived= 16 October 1892 - 21 August 1942
placeofbirth= Shizuoka prefecture, Japan
placeofdeath= Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands


caption=Japanese Colonel Kiyonao Ichiki
nickname=
allegiance= Empire of Japan
branch=
serviceyears= 1916-1942
rank= Colonel
(posthumously Major General)
commands=
unit=
battles= Second Sino-Japanese War
-Marco Polo Bridge incident
Pacific War
-Guadalcanal campaign
--Battle of the Tenaru
awards=
laterwork=nihongo|Kiyonao Ichiki|一木清直|Ichiki Kiyonao|extra=16 October 1892 - 21 August 1942 was an officer in the Japanese Imperial Army in World War II.

Biography

Early life

Born in Shizuoka Prefecture, Ichiki graduated from the 28th class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1916. He subsequently served two tours as an instructor at the Imperial Army's Infantry School in Chiba. [Smith, "Bloody Ridge", p. 32.]

War in China

Promoted to major in 1934, Ichiki was assigned to the China Garrison Army as a battalion commander of the 1st Infantry Regiment in 1936. On 7 July 1937, the Japanese conducted a practice night attack around the bridge, firing blanks in the air. The Chinese, thinking an attack was underway, fired a few ineffectual artillery shells. A Japanese soldier failed to show up for roll call the next morning, his company commander, Kiyonao Ichiki, thought that the Chinese had captured him. He ordered an immediate attack on Wanping, precipitating the first real battle of Second Sino-Japanese War. [ Spence, Jonathan D. The Search for Modern China. New York: Norton & Company, 1990, 443-469.] [Harries, "Soldiers of the Sun", p. 202.]

Recalled to Japan soon after the incident, Ichiki served as an instructor in specialized military equipment training schools from 1938 until 1940.

Pacific War

With the start of the Pacific War in 1941, Ichiki was promoted to colonel and was placed in command of the IJA 28th Infantry Regiment, consisting of 2,000 troops, which was the force assigned to assault and occupy Midway island. The defeat of Japanese naval forces at the Battle of Midway in June 1942 forced a cancellation to the operation.

In August 1942 Ichiki and his regiment were transferred to the IJA 17th Army in the southern front and were based at Truk in the Caroline Islands. After Allied forces landed on Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands, as part of the Allied Guadalcanal campaign, Ichiki was assigned to take a portion of his regiment (i.e. 2nd battalion of the 28th infantry regiment with artillery and engineers, nicknamed the “Ichiki Detachment”) to recapture Henderson Field airfield and drive the Allied forces off of the island.

On 18 August, six Japanese destroyers carried Ichiki and his 916 troops from Truk and landed them at Taivu Point on Guadalcanal. Ichiki had been ordered to wait on the beachhead for the remainder of his regiment, but finding the beach deserted and the island apparently lightly defended, Ichiki grossly underestimated the strength of the American forces, left a rear guard of 125 men, and advanced to make a nighttime frontal assault against the American positions. [Toland, The Rising Sun] Unknown to Ichiki, the American Marines were aware of his landing and were entrenched into defensive positions. In the Battle of the Tenaru of 21 August 1942 Ichiki was defeated with extremely heavy losses. [ Chen, World War II Database ]

Accounts differ as to how Ichiki died. At least one account claims that Ichiki was killed in action during the heat of battle; others state that he committed ritual suicide due to the humiliation of his defeat in the battle. Despite the failure of his attack, Ichiki was promoted posthumously to major general.

References

Books

*Crowley, James. "A Reconsideration of the Marco Polo Bridge Incident," Journal of Asian Studies", Vol. XXII, No. 3 (May 1963).
*cite book
last = Dupuy
first = Trevor N.
year = 1992
title = Encyclopedia of Military Biography
publisher = I B Tauris & Co Ltd
location =
id = ISBN 1-85043-569-3
*cite book
last = Frank
first = Richard
authorlink = Richard B. Frank
year = 1990
title = Guadalcanal: The Definitive Account of the Landmark Battle
publisher = Random House
location = New York
id = ISBN 0-394-58875-4
*cite book
last = Fuller
first = Richard
coauthors =
year = 1992
title = Shokan: Hirohito's Samurai
publisher = Arms and Armor
location = London
id = ISBN: 1-85409-151-4
*cite book
last = Harries
first = Meirion
authorlink =
coauthors = Susie Harries
year = 1994
title = Soldiers of the Sun : The Rise and Fall of the Imperial Japanese Army
publisher = Random House
location = New York
id = ISBN 0-679-75303-6
*cite book
last = Smith
first = Michael T.
year = 2000
title = Bloody Ridge: The Battle That Saved Guadalcanal
publisher = Pocket
location = New York
id = ISBN 0-7434-6321-8
*cite book
last = Spence
first = Jonathan D.
coauthors =
year = 1990
title = The Search for Modern China
publisher = Norton & Company
location = New York
id = ISBN: 0-8129-6858-1
*cite book
last = Tolland
first = John
coauthors =
year = 2003
title = The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire, 1936-1945
publisher = Modern Library
location =
id = ISBN: 0-8129-6858-1

External links

*cite web
last = Chen
first = Peter
url = http://ww2db.com/person_bio.php?person_id=376
title = Ichiki Kiyonao
work = WW2 Database

Notes