ManaGeR

ManaGeR or MGR was an early windowing system originally designed and developed for Sun computers in 1984 by Stephen A. Uhler, then at Bellcore.

MGR featured overlapped, asynchronous windows and an applications interface that was both machine and network independent.

Each MGR window had support for both character terminal operations as well as basic graphics operations. It was controlled by mousing pop-up menus, by keyboard interaction, and by escape sequences written on pseudo-terminals by client software.

The system was presented at the USENIX Fourth Computer Graphics Workshop in 1987 as "MGR - a Window System for UNIX".^[1] The entire MGR source code was posted to the comp.sources.unix Usenet newsgroup, Volume 17, Issue 1, in January 1989.^[2]

Features

MGR provided each client window with:

• termcap-style terminal control functions, graphics primitives such as line and circle drawing;
• facilities for manipulating bitmaps, fonts, icons, and pop-up menus;
• commands to reshape and position windows; and a message passing facility enabling client programs to rendezvous and exchange messages. Client programs may ask to be informed when a change in the window system occurs, such as a reshaped window, a pushed mouse button, or a message sent from another client program. These changes are called events. MGR notifies a client program of an event by sending it an ASCII character string in a format specified by the client program. Existing applications can be integrated into the windowing environment without modification by having MGR imitate keystrokes in response to user defined menu selections or other events.

All these features worked equally well if the client program was executing on the same computer as the MGR server or if the client was executed on a remote computer. The type of connection was insignificant. You could use telnet over TCP/IP or a modem dial-up connection equally well, for instance.

External programs such as Stephen Uhler's own MTX ^[3] and Howard Chu's rmgr made it possible to multiplex several windows over a single connection to a remote host, even using a normal modem dial-up connection.

A later feature, $HOME MOVIE,^[4] made it possible to record user interaction for later display.

Ports

MGR ran on at least these systems: SunOS on Sun workstations, the original development platform, Macintosh, Unix System V on the AT&T UnixPC, Ultrix on DECstation 3100, MiNT on Atari ST, OS-9, Coherent, Linux, FreeBSD and VSTa.

References

1. ^ Uhler, Stephen A., "MGR - a Window System for UNIX", Fourth Computer Graphics Workshop Proceedings, page 106 (abstract only).
2. ^ comp.sources.unix, Volume 17, Issue 1
3. ^ Uhler, Stephen A., "MTX - A Shell that Permits Dynamic Rearrangement of Process Connections and Windows", USENIX Conference Proceedings, Winter 1990, pages 275--285, USENIX Association
4. ^ "$HOME MOVIE - Tools for Building Demos on a Sparcstation", USENIX Conference Proceedings, Winter 1991, pages 127--136, USENIX Association

See also

• History of the graphical user interface
• Carsten Emde: "The MGR window manager", OS-9 International, I/1993, pp. 18.
• Carsten Emde: "Embedded Image Processing Under OS-9/MGR", The VITA Journal - June, 1996.

External links

• The MGR Window System
• Archived MGR-HOWTO at The Linux Documentation Project.
• Stephen A. Uhler's personal website.

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