Ceratogyrus

Ceratogyrus
Ceratogyrus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Suborder: Araneomorphae
Family: Theraphosidae
Subfamily: Harpactirinae
Genus: Ceratogyrus
Pocock, 1897
Species

See text.
Diversity
10 species
Synonyms

Coelogenium Purcell, 1902

Ceratogyrus is a genus of southern African theraphosid spiders, commonly called horned baboons, for the foveal horn found on the peltidium in some of the species within the genus.

Ceratogyrus is readily distinguished from all other African theraphosid genera by the combined presence of a retrolateral cheliceral scopula composed of plumose, stridulatory setae and the strongly procurved fovea. The fovea is typically strongly procurved and in some species surrounds a distinct protuberance. this protuberance may take the form of a simple posterior extension of the caput, a low.set plug or a prominent, discrete conical projection. All Ceratogyrus spp. possess a pale yellow anteriorly placed, transverse, sub-abdominal band. This feature is not distinct in other Harpatirinae except Augacephalus junodi. The absence of dense, ventral femoral fringes on the palpi and legs I and II distinguish Ceratogyrus spp. from female A. junodi.

C. marshalli features the biggest horn, where it stands straight up about 1 cm. There are several probable functions for this horn: according to a study by Rick C. West in 1986, it provides an increased surface for the attachment of the dorsal dilator muscle, which aids in drawing in liquefied food into the sucking stomach at a faster rate; this way, the spider can retreat to a safe place faster. It also increases the area for the midgut diverticula to expand during times of nutrient and water availability, analogous to a camel's hump, helping it to survive in its arid habitat during droughts.

C. darlingi (often still known under the obsolete name C. bechuanicus) is a rather common terrarium species.

Species

  • Ceratogyrus brachycephalus Hewitt, 1919 — Botswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa
  • Ceratogyrus darlingi Pocock, 1897 — Zimbabwe, Mozambique
  • Ceratogyrus dolichocephalus Hewitt, 1919 — Zimbabwe
  • Ceratogyrus ezendami Gallon, 2001 — Mozambique
  • Ceratogyrus hillyardi (Smith, 1990) — Malawi
  • Ceratogyrus marshalli Pocock, 1897 — Zimbabwe, Mozambique
  • Ceratogyrus meridionalis (Hirst, 1907) — Malawi, Mozambique
  • Ceratogyrus paulseni Gallon, 2005 — South Africa
  • Ceratogyrus pillansi (Purcell, 1902) — Zimbabwe, Mozambique
  • Ceratogyrus sanderi Strand, 1906 — Namibia, Zimbabwe


References

  • Pocock, R.I. (1897). On the spiders of the suborder Mygalomorphae from the Ethiopian Region, contained in the collection of the British Museum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1897:724-774.
  • West, R.C. (1986). Ceratogyrus. Journal of the British Tarantula Society 1(4):79-80.
  • Gallon, R.C. (2001). Revision of the Ceratogyrus spp. formerly included in Coelogenium (Araneae: Theraphosidae, Harpactirinae). Mygalomorph 2:1-20. PDF
  • Messenger, P. (2004). Captive Breeding Ceratogyrus meridionalis. J. Brit. Tarantula Soc. 19(4):113-117. PDF
  • Gallon, R.C. (2005c). A new species of theraphosid spider from Southern Africa (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Harpactirinae) with distributional notes on other harpactirines. Bull. Br. arachnol. Soc. 13(5):179-184. PDF (C. paulseni)
  • Platnick, Norman I. (2009): The world spider catalog, version 9.5. American Museum of Natural History.

External links


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