USPTO registration examination

In order to be registered as a patent agent or patent attorney in the United States, one must pass the United States Patent and Trademark Office registration examination, officially called the Examination for Registration to Practice in Patent Cases Before the United States Patent and Trademark Office. [ [http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/dcom/olia/oed/grb.pdf General Requirements Bulletin for Admission to the Examination for Registration to Practice in Patent Cases Before the United States Patent and Trademark Office] , January 2008]

Background

Law students who pass the registration exam and become admitted as patent agents before admission to the bar are allowed to change registration to patent attorney upon supplying the USPTO with proof of admission to a state or territorial bar. The United States allows any citizen from any country to sit for the patent bar (if he/she has the requisite technical background). [37 C.F.R. 11.7] None of the world's countries reciprocates to U.S. citizens the right which the U.S. grants to their citizens; Canada is the only exception to this. [ The provision on Aliens, 37 C.F.R. 11.6(c)]

Tested subject matter

The examination is intended to measure the applicant's familiarity with USPTO procedures, ethics rules, federal statutes, and regulations. The applicant is allowed to use an electronic copy of the Manual of Patent Examining Procedure (MPEP) in the computer-based examination and a paper copy of the MPEP in the pencil-and-paper test but no other material. A large number of questions typically deal with the proper drafting and handling of a U.S. patent application or international application.

Structure

This is a 100-question, six hour, multiple-choice test. The test is divided into morning and afternoon sections.

The exam contains 10 performance questions which do not count towards the exam taker's final score. The required score to pass is 70%, or 63 correct out of the 90 graded questions. Statistics from examinations administered from June 9, 2005 through October 17, 2006 show that 58.2% of the 4,165 candidates passed the exam [Based on MPEP 8th Edition, Revision 2] . [ [http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/dcom/olia/oed/exam_results_mpep8ed_rev2.htm RESULTS OF THE REGISTRATION EXAMINATION BASED ON MPEP 8 th EDITION, REVISION 2 ] ] The examination is frequently referred to as the "patent bar", but it is not necessary to have a law degree or to have even taken a law course to sit for the exam (see Prerequisites).

Before June 2004, the USPTO registration exam was a pencil-and-paper test given at approximately 15 locations around the country. The USPTO has moved to a computer-based examination which can be taken on any business day at any of several hundred Prometric locations around the country. Once applicants have been approved to sit for the exam, they have 90 days in which to schedule an examination date with Prometric. The pencil-and-paper test is still offered once a year at the USPTO's office.

Prerequisites

General

The USPTO requires that all candidates for registration have scientific and technical training sufficient to provide valuable service to clients. Fact|date=October 2007 This requirement is typically met with a bachelor's degree in a field of natural science or technology. These fields include biology, chemistry, computer science, engineering, and physics. The technical training requirement can also be satisfied by passing the Fundamentals of Engineering exam or by demonstrating sufficient science coursework or applicable life experience. It is extremely difficult to use the life experience option.

Degrees in the philosophical arts (such as pure mathematics) or the social sciences [ [http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/dcom/olia/oed/grb.pdf General Requirements Bulletin for Admission to the Examination for Registration to Practice in Patent Cases Before the United States Patent and Trademark Office] , January 2008, page 6 ] (such as sociology) are not sufficient by themselves to meet the technical training requirement. However, the scientific and technical training requirement can be fulfilled by submitting proof of 40 semester hours of undergraduate courses in the above fields, 8 of which must consist of either two consecutive semesters of physics for scientists and engineers with laboratory or two consecutive semesters of general chemistry with laboratory. Consecutive means that the two courses cover one curriculum, such as physics 101 and 102. All 40 semester hours can be completed at community colleges and do not have to result in any bachelor of science degree. All of the courses must be applicable towards a degree in the subject. For example, physics with calculus would count, while physics without calculus, usually taken by other majors, would not.

Aliens

Non-U.S. citizens wishing to practice before the USPTO in their own country may also register by meeting the same requirements if the individual is registered to practice before the patent office in their country of residence AND if their country has a reciprocity agreement with the U.S. Currently, only one country, Canada, has such an agreement. Such registration is granted for the limited purpose of representing patent applicants from the individual's country of residence before the USPTO. Non-U.S. citizens legally residing in the United States, having a valid nonimmigrant work visa, and already employed by a patent firm in a patent prosecution role (often referred to as a "technical specialist") may take the exam in order to gain "limited recognition" to act as a patent agent for applications being handled through their employer. [ [http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/documents/0400_402_01.htm MPEP 402.01(b) Exceptions to Registration (limited recognition of nonimmigrant resident aliens)] ] This law on Aliens, 37 C.F.R. 11.6(c), is not enforced by the USPTO Office of Enrollment and Discipline (OED). However, employees of the USPTO must be US citizens and this is verified in a background check; patent agents who want to work for the USPTO must first become U.S. citizens.

References

External links

* [http://www.patentbarquestions.com Questions asked in the patent bar exam]
* [http://www.taprecourse.com/exam-facts Facts about the patent bar exam]