Réunion Swamphen

Taxobox
name = Réunion Swamphen
status = EX | status_system = IUCN3.1
extinct = 18th century
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Aves
ordo = Gruiformes
familia = Rallidae
genus = "Porphyrio"
species = "P. coerulescens"
binomial = "Porphyrio coerulescens"
binomial_authority = (Selys, 1848)
synonyms ="Apterornis coerulescens" Selys, 1848 "Cyanornis erythrorhynchus" Bonaparte, 1854

The Réunion Swamphen, Réunion Gallinule or "Oiseau bleu" ("Porphyrio coerulescens") is a hypothetical species of extinct rail from Réunion, Mascarenes until now only known from reports of travellers.

It is quite certain that such a bird once was present on the island. Six reports attest to its existence, and the genus "Porphyrio" is known as a colonizer of oceanic islands, having evolved into many local endemic species, of which only the Takahē is still found to be extant nowadays. Many later authors assume that this bird was flightless, but the 1674 statement of Dubois is best understood thus that they were unwilling rather than incapable of using flight as a means of escape; also, Dubois' report is confusing in some other ways, suggesting that he mixed up some reports on the "Solitaire" with those of the "oiseau bleu". At any rate, the bird was a bit larger than a chicken, or between a Purple Swamphen and a takahē in size, and of entirely dull blue coloration, with a red beak and feet.

Extinction

The bird is attested to have exclusively occurred on the Plaine des Cafres, the high plateau of Réunion between the Piton des Neiges and the Piton de la Fournaise, from 1700 on at least (Dubois gives no locality information, but all other authors restrict the bird to the plateau). The missionary Père Brown's testimony of 1724 is generally believed to be the last unequivocal record of the bird, but an anonymous British naval officer reports stories about birds limited to the high plateau that can be killed with sticks in 1763. The various reports disagree about whether this bird was considered good eating; most species of "Porphyrio" are generally considered to have a rather disagreeable taste. Especially in the light of Feuilley's 1705 report, it seems that adult birds were not usually hunted at least part of the year. This, and the remoteness of its habitat, perhaps explains why the birds were able to persist for longer than most other Réunion endemics, which were extinct by 1700. Since the 1763 report is very unspecific and could as well refer to petrels or shearwaters, it is generally assumed that the Réunion Swamphen was extinct by 1730. As the area where it occurred was not yet being cleared for cultivation, introduced predators and hunting by escaped slaves who took to the mountains are obviously the reasons for its disappearance.

In November 1974, it was attempted to find possible fossil localities on the Plaine des Cafres. No caves or other promising locations were found, and it was determined that the attempt to prove the existence of this bird would have to wait pending a more thorough mapping of the area.

References

* Database entry includes justification for why this species is extinct.
* de Sélys Longchamps, Edmond (1848): Résumé concernant les oiseaux brévipennes mentionnés dans l'ouvrage de M. Strickland sur le Dodo. "Rev. Zool." 1848: 292-295. [Article in French]