Charpentiera

Charpentiera
Charpentiera obovata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Core eudicots
Order:	Caryophyllales
Family:	Amaranthaceae
Genus:	Charpentiera Gaudich.
Species
Charpentiera australis[1] Charpentiera densiflora[2] Charpentiera elliptica[2] Charpentiera obovata[3] Charpentiera ovata[2] Charpentiera tomentosa[2]

Charpentiera is a flowering plant genus in the pigweed family, Amaranthaceae. It consists of five species endemic to Hawaiʻi, where they are known as pāpala, and one species found only on the island of Tubuai in the Austral Islands. All species are trees, some reaching more than 10 metres (33 ft) in height.

Species

• Charpentiera australis (Tubuai)
• Charpentiera densiflora Sohmer (Kauaʻi)^[4]
• Charpentiera elliptica (Hillebr.) A.Heller (Kauaʻi)^[4]
• Charpentiera obovata Gaudich. (main islands of Hawaiʻi)^[4][5]
• Charpentiera ovata Gaudich. (Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Maui, island of Hawaiʻi)^[4]
• Charpentiera tomentosa Sohmer
  • Charpentiera tomentosa var. maakuaensis (Oʻahu)^[2]
  • Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa (Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Maui, island of Hawaiʻi)^[2]

Uses

Native Hawaiians on the northwest coast of the island of Kauaʻi used lightweight pāpala branches in the art of ʻōahi. Branches were ignited and tossed off of high sea cliffs, where they were buoyed by ridge lifts and burned like fireworks.^[6]

References

1. ^ Mueller-Dombois, Dieter; Francis Raymond Fosberg (1998). "Chapter VII. Eastern Polynesia". Vegetation of the Tropical Pacific Islands. Springer. p. 405. ISBN 9780387983134. http://books.google.com/?id=7UB5d33i8WkC. 
2. ^ ^{a b c d e f} "PLANTS Profile for Charpentiera (papala)". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture. http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CHARP. 
3. ^ "Charpentiera obovata". Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk. http://www.hear.org/starr/plants/images/species/?q=charpentiera+obovata. Retrieved 2009-01-30. ^{[dead link]}
4. ^ ^{a b c d} "papala". Hawaiian Ethnobotany Online Database. Bernice P. Bishop Museum. http://www2.bishopmuseum.org/ethnobotanydb/resultsdetailed.asp?search=papala. Retrieved 2009-03-24. 
5. ^ Little Jr., Elbert L.; Roger G. Skolmen (1989) (PDF). Pāpala. United States Forest Service. http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/forestry/data/CommonTreesHI/CFT_Charpentiera_obovata.pdf. 
6. ^ Medeiros, A. C.; C.F. Davenport; C.G. Chimera (1998) (PDF). Auwahi: Ethnobotany of a Hawaiian Dryland Forest. Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. pp. 39–40. http://www.hear.org/naturalareas/auwahi/ethnobotany_of_auwahi.pdf. Retrieved 2009-03-24. ^{[dead link]}