W. W. Hansen

Infobox Scientist
name = William Webster Hansen
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caption = William Webster Hansen
birth_date = May 27, 1909
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death_date = May 23, 1949
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nationality = U.S.
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field = physics
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known_for = microwave electronics
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William Webster Hansen (May 27, 1909 – May 23, 1949) was a U.S. physicist who was one of the founders of the technology of microwave electronics.

Life

Hansen's father was a hardware store owner in Fresno, California and encouraged his son's early talent in mathematics and enthusiasm for electronics. Entering Stanford University at the age of 16, he received his doctorate in 1933.Süsskind (1981)]

He went on to become interested in the problem of accelerating electrons for X-ray experiments, using oscillating fields, rather than large static voltages. At the University of California, Berkeley, Ernest Lawrence and David H. Sloan had worked on an accelerator driven by a resonant coil. Hansen proposed replacing the coil with a cavity resonator. However, in 1937, the brothers Russel and Sigurd F. Varian came to Stanford to work on the foundations of what was to become radar. Hansen exploited some of the Varians' work to develop the klystron and during the years 1937 to 1940, along with collaborators such as John R. Woodyard, founded the field of microwave electronics.

In 1941, he moved his team to the Sperry Gyroscope Company where they spent the war years employing their expertise in radar applications and in other problems.

Returning to Stanford in 1945 as a full professor, he embarked on the construction of a series of linear accelerators based on klystron technology and of GeV performance. Along with the Varian brothers, he co-founded Varian Associates in 1948.Fact|date=August 2007 Sadly, he was never to see the completion of the klystron project. He died at age 39 in Palo Alto, California of a lung disease caused by inhaling the beryllium used in his research. cite web | url=http://www.stanfordalumni.org/news/magazine/2003/julaug/dept/century.html | work=Stanford Magazine | title=Century at Stanford: 50 years ago | date=July/ August 2003 | accessdate=2007-08-12 ] His wife Betsy, the daughter of Perely Ason Ross, committed suicide a few months later.

Honours

*Liebman Prize of the Institute of Radio Engineers, (1945);
*President's Certificate of Merit, (1948);
*Member of the National Academy of Sciences, (1949);
*The Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory at Stanford was named for him.

References

Bibliography

*Obituaries:
**"New York Times", 24 May 1949
**"Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers", 37 (1949), 910----
* cite journal | author=Bloch, F. | year=1952 | title=William Webster Hansen, 1909-1949 | journal=Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences | volume=27 | pages=121–137
* cite journal | author=Ginzton, E. L. | title=The $100 idea | journal=IEEE Spectrum | pages=Feb. 30–39 | year=1975
*Süsskind, C. (1981) "Hansen, William Webster" in cite book | author=Gillespie, C.C. (ed.) | year=1981 | location=New York | title=Dictionary of Scientific Biography | publisher=Charles Screibner's Sons | id=ISBN 0-684-16970-3 | pages=495-496
* cite book | author=Wilson, R. R. & Littauer, R. | title=Accelerators: Machines of Nuclear Physics | location=New York | publisher=Doubleday | year=1960

External links

* cite web | title=William Webster Hansen: Co-Inventor of the Klystron Tube | year=2006 | url=http://www.patent-invent.com/electricity/inventors/william_hansen.html | work=Electro.Patent-Invent.com | accessdate=2007-08-12
* cite web | title=Klystron Tube | year=2006 | url=http://www.stanford.edu/home/welcome/research/klystron.html | work=An Instroduction to Stanford | accessdate=2007-08-12
* cite web | url=http://photos.aip.org/images/catalog/woodyard_john_c1.jsp | work=Emilio Segrè Visual Archives | title=John R. Woodyard and William W. Hansen talking, equipment | accessdate=2007-08-12
* cite web | url=http://www.geocities.com/neveyaakov/electro_science/hansen.html | title=William Webster Hansen | accessdate=2007-08-12