Wieliczka Salt Mine

Wieliczka Salt Mine

Infobox World Heritage Site
WHS = Wieliczka Salt Mine


State Party = POL
Type = Cultural
Criteria = iv
ID = 32
Region = Europe and North America
Year = 1978
Session = 2nd
Danger = 1989-1998
Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/32The Wieliczka Salt Mine, located in the town of Wieliczka, is within Poland's Kraków metropolitan area. It had been until 2007 in continuous operation, producing table salt, since the 13th century. It was one of the world's oldest operating salt mines (the oldest being in Bochnia, Poland, some 20 kilometers distant from Wieliczka).

Touring

Active mining was discontinued in 1996 due to low salt prices and mine flooding. The mine remains a major tourist attraction.The mine reaches down to a depth of 327 meters and is over 300 km long.

The Wieliczka salt mine features a 3.5-km. tour for visitors (less than 1% of the length of the mine's passages) that includes statues of historic and mythic figures. The older works were sculpted by miners out of rock salt; more recent figures have been fashioned by contemporary artists. Even the crystals of the chandeliers are made from rock salt that has been dissolved and reconstituted to achieve a clear, glass-like appearance. The rock salt is naturally grey, in various shades like granite, so that the carvings resemble carved unpolished granite rather than having the white or crystalline appearance that many visitors expect. (The carvings appear white in the photos below; the actual carved figures are not white.)

Also featured is a large chamber with walls carved to resemble wooden chapels built by miners in earlier centuries; an underground lake; and exhibits on the history of salt mining. The mine is often referred to as "the Underground Salt Cathedral of Poland."

About 1.2 million people visit the mine each year.

Over the centuries, visitors to this site have included Nicolaus Copernicus, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Alexander von Humboldt, Dmitri Mendeleyev, Bolesław Prus, Ignacy Paderewski, Robert Baden-Powell, Jacob Bronowski (who filmed segments of "The Ascent of Man" in the mine), Karol Wojtyła (who later became Pope John Paul II), former U.S. President Bill Clinton, and many others.

During World War II, the salt mine was used by the occupying Germans as facilities for war-related production plants.

To get down to the 150-meter level of the mine, visitors must walk down a wooden stairway of some 400 steps. After the 3 kilometer tour of the mine's corridors, its chapels, statues and lake, visitors take an elevator back up to the surface. The elevator holds 36 people (9 per car) and takes roughly 30 seconds to reach the surface.

The salt mine helped inspire the Labyrinth scenes in Bolesław Prus' 1895 historical novel, "Pharaoh". [Christopher Kasparek, "Prus' "Pharaoh" and the Wieliczka Salt Mine," "The Polish Review", 1997, no. 3, pp. 349–55.]

In 1978 the Wieliczka salt mine was placed on the original UNESCO roster of World Heritage Sites.

Photos

ee also

*"Pharaoh" — historical novel by Bolesław Prus
*Bochnia
*Chełm Chalk Tunnels
*Salt Cathedral of Zipaquirá, in Zipaquirá, Cundinamarca, Colombia

Notes

References

* Jerzy Grzesiowski, "Wieliczka: kopalnia, muzeum, zamek" (Wieliczka: the Mine, the Museum, the Castle), 2nd ed., updated and augmented, Warsaw, Sport i Turystyka, 1987, ISBN 83-217-2637-2.
* Christopher Kasparek, "Prus' "Pharaoh" and the Wieliczka Salt Mine," "The Polish Review", 1997, no. 3, pp. 349-55.

External links

* [http://www.kopalnia.pl/home.php?action=&id_language=2& Official website]
* [http://www.wieliczka.nu/ Welcome to The Salt of the Earth]
** [http://www.wieliczka.nu/lang_eng/mine.htm Digging for salt]
** [http://www.wieliczka.nu/lang_eng/gallery1.htm Photo gallery]
* [http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=32 Wieliczka Salt Mine - UNESCO World Heritage Centre]
* [http://www.salt-mine.pl/ Wieliczka salt mine]
* [http://homepage.mac.com/kevision/video/iMovieTheater22.html Video tour of mine]
* [http://www.cyf-kr.edu.pl/wieliczka/kopsoli.php Ancient salt-works]
* [http://www.muzeum.wieliczka.pl/ Cracow Salt-Works Museum in Wieliczka] [http://www.muzeum.wieliczka.pl/pl/planang.jpg(plan of mine)]
* [http://www.krakow-info.com/wielicz.htm Wieliczka Salt Mine near Krakow in Poland]
* [http://www.thesalmons.org/lynn/saltmine.html Air Pollution Intrusion into the Wieliczka Salt Mine]


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