American Library Association

Infobox_Organization
name = American Library Association
image_border = Ala logo.gif
caption = ALA Logo
membership = 64,600
headquarters =
formation = 1876
website = [http://www.ala.org/ American Library Association]

The American Library Association (ALA) is a group based in the United States that promotes libraries and library education internationally. It is the oldest and largest library association in the world, with approximately 64,600 members.

History

Founded by Justin Winsor, [http://www.forbeslibrary.org/about/cacutter.shtml Charles Ammi Cutter] , Samuel S. Green, James L. Whitney, Melvil Dewey (Melvil Dui), Fred B. Perkins and Thomas W. Bicknell in 1876 in Philadelphia and chartered [( [http://www.ala.org/ala/ourassociation/aboutala/missionandhistory/history/charterof1879/charter1879.cfm ALA Charter] )] in 1879 in Massachusetts, its head office is now in Chicago.

Membership

ALA membership is open to any person or organization, though most of its members are libraries or librarians. As well, most members live and work in the United States, with international members comprising 3.5% of total membership. [cite web | url =http://www.ala.org/ala/ourassociation/governingdocs/aheadto2010/international.htm | title =ALA International Member Survey | publisher =ALA | accessdate =2006-11-14]

Governing structure

The ALA is governed by an elected council and an executive board. Since 2002, Keith Michael Fiels has been the ALA executive director (CEO). [cite press release | date = 2002-04-22 | url =http://www.ala.org/ala/pressreleasesbucket/keithmichael.htm | title =Keith Michael Fiels named ALA's new Executive Director | publisher =ALA | accessdate =2006-11-14] Policies and programs are administered by various committees and round tables. One of the organization's most visible tasks is overseen by the Office for Accreditation, which formally reviews and authorizes American and Canadian academic institutions that offer degree programs in library and information science.

Activities

Members may join one or more of eleven membership divisions that deal with specialized topics such as academic, school, or public libraries, technical or reference services, and library administration. Members may also join any of seventeen round tables that are grouped around more specific interests and issues than the broader set of ALA divisions.

Notable Divisions

* American Association of School Librarians (AASL)
* Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC)
* Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL)
* Public Library Association (PLA)
* Reference and User Services Association (RUSA)
* Young Adult Library Services Association (YALSA)

National outreach

The ALA is affiliated with regional, state, and student chapters across the country. It organizes conferences, participates in library standards development, and publishes a number of books and periodicals.

The ALA publishes the magazines "American Libraries" and "Booklist". Young Adult Library Services Association (YALSA) also sponsors Teen Read Week, the third week of each October, and Teen Tech Week, the second week of each March.

Awards

The ALA annually confers numerous notable book and media awards, including the Caldecott Medal, the Dartmouth Medal, the Newbery Medal, the Michael L. Printz Award and the Stonewall Book Award. [cite web | url =http://www.ala.org/bookmediaawards | title =Book/Media Awards | publisher =ALA | accessdate =2006-11-14]

YALSA administers the Michael L. Printz Award for excellence in young adult literature, the Margaret Edwards Award for significant and lasting contribution to young adult literature and the Alex Awards for the ten best adult books with teen appeal. Two newer awards administered by YALSA are the Odyssey Award, for Excellence in audiobook production, and the brand new William C. Morris YA Award, which will be awarded for the first time in 2009 honoring first-time authors of young adult literature.

Political stances

The ALA advocates positions on United States political issues that it believes are related to libraries and librarianship. For court cases that touch on issues about which the organization holds positions, the ALA often files amici curiae briefs. The ALA has an office in Washington, D.C., that lobbies Congress on issues relating to libraries, information and communication. It also provides materials to libraries that may include information on how to apply for grants, how to comply with the law, and how to oppose a law. [cite web | url =http://www.ala.org/ala/washoff/WOissues/issues.htm | title =Washington Office Issues | publisher =ALA | accessdate =2006-11-14 ]

Civil liberties, intellectual freedom, and privacy

The ALA maintains an Office for Intellectual Freedom, under the guidance of director Judith Krug. The Office promotes intellectual freedom, which the ALA defines as "the right of every individual to both seek and receive information from all points of view without restriction. It provides for free access to all expressions of ideas through which any and all sides of a question, cause or movement may be explored." [cite web | url =http://www.ala.org/ala/oif/basics/intellectual.htm | title =Intellectual Freedom and Censorship Q & A | publisher =ALA | accessdate =2006-11-14] The primary documented expressions of the ALA's intellectual freedom principles are the Freedom to Read Statement [cite web| url=http://www.ala.org/ala/oif/statementspols/ftrstatement/freedomreadstatement.htm| title=Freedom to Read Statement] and the Library Bill of Rights.

As a result of its stance on intellectual freedom, the ALA is generally opposed to any censorship of the material in libraries. [cite web | url =http://www.ala.org/ala/oif/statementspols/statementsif/librarybillrights.htm | title =Library Bill of Rights | publisher =ALA | accessdate =2006-11-14] Interviewed about an attempt to remove a book from a suburban Boston middle school, Deborah Caldwell-Stone, deputy director of the ALA's Office for Intellectual Freedom, said, "Our hope is that books are retained rather than removed. Ultimately, every challenge is an attempt to remove ideas from the discourse." [cite web | last =Kocian | first =Lisa | date = 2006-11-12 | url =http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2006/11/12/6th_grade_book_stirs_rethinking/ | title =6th-grade book stirs rethinking | work =The Boston Globe | accessdate =2006-11-14] About another matter involving child pornography, she said, "One person's 'pornography' is another person's 'Venus de Milo' or Michelangelo's 'David.' ... Another person's 'pornography' might be the Sports Illustrated (magazine) swimsuit issue." [cite web | last =Sheehan | first =Tim | date = 2008-04-01 | url =http://www.fresnobee.com/263/v-printerfriendly/story/497963.html | title =Libraries Struggle with Internet Surfing Rules | work =The Fresno Bee | accessdate =2006-04-23]

In 1970, the ALA founded the first lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender professional organization, called the "Task Force on Gay Liberation".cite web |title=ALA "Welcome to the GLBT Round Table" |url=http://www.ala.org/ala/glbtrt/welcomeglbtround.htm |accessdate=2007-08-02] cite book |last=Gittings |first=Barbara |title=Gays in Library Land: The Gay and Lesbian Task Force of the American Library Association: The First Sixteen Years |location=Philadelphia |year=1990]

In 1999, radio personality Laura Schlessinger campaigned publicly against the ALA's intellectual freedom policy, specifically in regard to the ALA's refusal to remove a link on its web site to an explicit sex-education site for teens. [cite web | date = 1999-05-10 | url =http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA158676.html | title ="Dr. Laura" Continues Criticism of ALA | work =Library Journal | publisher =ALA | accessdate =2006-11-14] Critics said, however, that Schlessinger "distorted and misrepresented the ALA stand to make it sound like the ALA was saying porno for 'children' is O.K." [cite magazine | last =Presley | first =Sharon | year =2001 | month = Winter | url =http://www.secularhumanism.org/index.php?section=library&page=presley_21_1 | title =Don't Listen to Dr. Laura | journal =Free Inquiry | publisher = | volume = 41 | issue = 1 | accessdate =2007-03-08]

The ALA filed suit with library users and the ACLU against the United States Children's Internet Protection Act, which required libraries receiving federal E-rate discounts for Internet access to install a "technology protection measure" to prevent children from accessing "visual depictions that are obscene, child pornography, or harmful to minors." [cite web | url =http://www.ifea.net/cipa.pdf | title =Text of the Children's Internet Protection Act] At trial, the federal district court struck down the law as unconstitutional. ["United States v. Am. Lib. Asso.", 201 F.Supp.2d 401, 490 (2002)] The government appealed this decision, and on June 23, 2003, the Supreme Court of the United States upheld the law as constitutional as a condition imposed on institutions in exchange for government funding. In upholding the law, the Supreme Court, adopting the interpretation urged by the U.S. Solicitor General at oral argument, made it clear that the constitutionality of CIPA would be upheld only "if, as the Government represents, a librarian will unblock filtered material or disable the Internet software filter without significant delay on an adult user's request." [cite web | year = | url =http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=US&vol=539&invol=194 | title ="US v ALA" 539 U.S. 194, 2003 | format = | work = | publisher =FindLaw | accessdate =2007-03-21]

In 2003, the ALA passed a resolution opposing the USA PATRIOT Act, which called sections of the law "a present danger to the constitutional rights and privacy rights of library users". [cite web | date =2003-01-29 | url =http://www.ala.org/ala/oif/statementspols/ifresolutions/resolutionusa.htm | title =Resolution on the USA PATRIOT Act and Related Measures that Infringe on the Rights of Library Users | publisher =ALA | accessdate =2006-11-14] Since then, the ALA and its members have sought to change the law by working with members of Congress and educating their communities and the press about the law's potential to violate the privacy rights of library users. ALA has also participated as an "amicus curiae" in lawsuits filed by individuals challenging the constitutionality of the USA PATRIOT Act, including a lawsuit filed by four Connecticut librarians after the library consortium they managed was served with a National Security Letter seeking information about library users. [cite news | last = Cowan | first = Alison Leigh | date = 2006-05-31 | url =http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/31/nyregion/31library.html?ex=1306728000&en=9f197630a8f4a0a9&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss | title = Four Librarians Finally Break Silence in Records Case | work = The New York Times | accessdate =2007-02-07] After several months of litigation, the lawsuit was dismissed when the FBI decided to withdraw the National Security Letter. [cite web | date = 2006-06-26 | url =http://www.rawstory.com/news/2006/FBI_drops_demand_for_information_from_0626.html | title = FBI drops demand for information from Connecticut library group | work =Raw Story | accessdate =2007-02-07]

The ALA sells humorous "radical militant librarian" buttons for librarians to wear in support of the ALA's stances on intellectual freedom, privacy, and civil liberties. [cite web | url =https://www.ala.org/ala/oif/basics/basicrelatedlinks/radicalbutton.htm | title = "Radical, Militant Librarian" Button | publisher =ALA | accessdate =2006-11-14] Inspiration for the button’s design came from documents obtained from the FBI by the Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC) through a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request. The request revealed a series of e-mails in which FBI agents complained about the "radical, militant librarians" while criticizing the reluctance of FBI management to use the secret warrants authorized under Section 215 of the USA PATRIOT Act. [cite press release | date=2006-01-17| url =http://www.ala.org/Template.cfm?Section=pressreleases&template=/contentmanagement/contentdisplay.cfm&ContentID=113573| title = ALA introduces "Radical, Militant Librarian" button | publisher =ALA | accessdate =2007-03-07]

Copyright

The ALA says it "supports efforts to amend the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) and to urge the courts to restore the balance in copyright law, ensure fair use and protect and extend the public domain". [cite web | last =Nisbet | first =Miriam | year = 2006 | month = October | url =http://www.ala.org/ala/washoff/WOissues/copyrightb/copyagenda.pdf | title =2006 Copyright Agenda | format = PDF | publisher =ALA | accessdate =2006-11-14] It supports changing copyright law to release orphan works into the public domain; is wary of digital rights management; and, in ALA v. FCC, successfully sued the Federal Communications Commission to prevent regulation that would enforce next-generation digital televisions to contain rights-management hardware. It has joined the [http://www.informationaccess.org/ Information Access Alliance] to promote open access to research. [cite web | url =http://www.ala.org/ala/washoff/WOissues/copyrightb/copyright.htm | title =Copyright Issues | publisher =ALA | accessdate =2006-11-14]

Conferences

The ALA and its divisions hold numerous conferences throughout the year, of which the two ALA-wide ones are the ALA Annual Conference and the ALA Midwinter Meeting. Midwinter is typically more focused on internal organization business, while ALA Annual is focused around exhibits and presentations. The Annual conference is generally held in June, and Midwinter is typically held in January. ALA Annual is notable for being one of the largest professional conferences in existence, typically drawing over 25,000 attendees. [cite web | url =http://www.ala.org/Template.cfm?Section=confservices | title =Conference Services | publisher =ALA | accessdate =2006-11-14] The 2006 Annual Conference was held in New Orleans; the association considered moving the conference to a new location after Hurricane Katrina struck, but conference organizers chose to continue plans for holding the conference in New Orleans to show support for the city.

ee also

* ANSEL
* Book Links
* Booklist
* Challenge (literature)
* International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA)
* Library Bill of Rights
* Theresa Elmendorf, first woman to hold position as its President, 1911-12

External links

* [http://www.ala.org/ American Library Association]
* [http://www.ala.org/ala/oif/statementspols/ftrstatement/freedomreadstatement.htm ALA Freedom to Read Statement]
* [http://www.ala.org/ala/oif/basics/intellectual.htm ALA Intellectual Freedom Q&A]
* [http://www.ala.org/ala/oif/statementspols/ifresolutions/resolutionusa.htm ALA's "Resolution on the USA Patriot (sic) Act and Related Measures that Infringe on the Rights of Library Users"]

References