Williamsburg Bridge

Infobox_Bridge
bridge_name= Williamsburg Bridge


caption=
official_name=
also_known_as=
carries= 8 lanes of roadway,
2 tracks of the NYCS Williamsburg trains of the New York City Subway,
pedestrians, and bicycles
crosses= East River
locale= Manhattan and Brooklyn, in New York City
maint= New York City Department of Transportation
id=
design= Suspension bridge and truss causeways
mainspan= 487.68 meters (1,600 ft)
length= 2,227.48 meters (7,308 ft)
width= 35.97 meters (118 ft)
clearance=10 feet 6 inches (3.2 m) (inner roadways only)
below= 41.15 meters (135 ft) at mean higher high water
traffic= 110,000
open= December 19, 1903
closed=
toll= Free
map_cue= Connects:
map_

map_text= Manhattan at Delancey St. with the Williamsburg neighborhood of Brooklyn
map_width= 180px
lat=
long=

The Williamsburg Bridge is a suspension bridge in New York City across the East River connecting the Lower East Side of Manhattan at Delancey Street with the Williamsburg neighborhood of Brooklyn on Long Island at Broadway near the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway (Interstate 278). It once carried New York State Route 27A and later Interstate 78.

Construction on the bridge, the second to cross this river, began in 1896, with Leffert L. Buck as chief engineer, Henry Hornbostel as architect and Holton D. Robinson as assistant engineer, and the bridge opened on December 19, 1903 at a cost of $12,000,000. At the time it was constructed, the Williamsburg Bridge set the record for the longest suspension bridge span on Earth. The record fell in 1924, when the Bear Mountain Bridge was completed. It is an unconventional structure, as suspension bridges go; though the main span hangs from cables in the usual manner, the side spans leading to the approaches are cantilevered, drawing no support from the cables above. The main span of the bridge is 1600 feet (488 m) long. The entire bridge is 7308 feet (2227 m) long between cable anchor terminals, and the deck is 118 feet (36 m) wide. The height at the center of the bridge is 135 feet (41 m) and each tower is 335 feet (102 m); these measurements taken from the river's surface at high water mark.

This bridge and the Manhattan Bridge are the only suspension bridges in New York City that still carry both automobile and rail traffic. In addition to this two-track rail line, connecting the New York City Subway's BMT Nassau Street Line and BMT Jamaica Line, there were once two sets of trolley tracks.

The Brooklyn landing is between Grand Street and Broadway, which both had ferries at the time. Both withered and went out of business in the following years.

The bridge has been under reconstruction since the 1980s, largely to repair damage caused by decades of deferred maintenance. The cast iron stairway on the Manhattan side, and the steep ramp from Driggs Avenue on the Williamsburg side to the footwalks, were replaced to allow handicapped access in the 1990s. The bridge celebrated its 100th anniversary in December 2003.

No tolls are charged for motor vehicles to use the bridge.

Had the Lower Manhattan Expressway been built, the Williamsburg Bridge would have obtained the Interstate 78 designation.

Rail tracks

The rapid transit tracks in the center of the bridge were initially used by the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company elevated railroad. Today, the New York City Subway NYCS Williamsburg trains use these tracks.

Two tracks on the south side carried streetcars from the Brooklyn side:
* Williamsburg Bridge Local, 1904-1948
* Nostrand Avenue Line, 1904-1923 and 1931-1948
* Ralph Avenue Line, 1905-1908; Ralph and Rockaway Avenues Line, 1908-1923 and 1931-1948
* Tompkins Avenue Line, 1906-1923 and 1931-1947
* Reid Avenue Line, 1904-1923 and 1931-1937
* Broadway Line, 1904-1923
* Franklin Avenue Line, 1904-1923
* Grand Street Line, 1904-1923
* Sumner Avenue Line, 1904-1923
* Wilson Avenue Line, 1904-1923
* Bushwick Avenue Line, 1904-1921
* Nostrand-Culver Line and Nostrand-Prospect Line, 1906-1919

Two north-side tracks carried Manhattan streetcars:
* Grand Street Line, 1904-1932
* Post Office Line, 1919-1932
* Seventh Avenue-Brooklyn Line, 1911-1919
* 8th Street Crosstown Line, 1904-1911
* 14th Street-Williamsburg Bridge Line, 1904-1911
* Fourth Avenue and Williamsburg Bridge Line, 1904-1911

Williamsburg Bridge in popular culture

*The Williamsburg Bridge appears in the movies "Once Upon a Time in America", "The Lost Weekend" (1945), "The Naked City" (1948), "Johnny Suede" (1991), "American Gangster" (2007), "Serpico" (1973), the 1973 James Bond film "Live and Let Die", and "The Naked Brothers Band".

*The bridge is mentioned in the novel "The Alienist" (1994) by Caleb Carr.

*American jazz saxophonist Sonny Rollins would venture to the Williamsburg Bridge to spare a neighboring expectant mother the sound of his practice routine.

*Soul Coughing lead singer Mike Doughty refers to the Williamsburg Bridge in the song "True Dreams of Wichita.".

*Altamonte lead singer James Cashman refers to the Williamsburg Bridge in the song "Hannah".

*East Bay(San Francisco) rockers, Black Cat Music, have a song titled "Williamsburg Bridge Song".

* Locals frequently refer to the bridge as the "Willy B."

Gallery

References

* [http://www.columbia.edu/~brennan/abandoned/willb.html Abandoned Stations: Williamsburg Bridge Railway terminal]

External links

* [http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/motorist/bridges.html Bridges at New York City DOT]
*
* [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/aap,aaeo,aasm,magbell,papr,gottscho,bbcards,bbpix,ncr,cowellbib,calbkbib,gmd,cwar,consrvbib,bdsbib,coolbib,dag,musdibib,detr,mcc,papr,aep,wpa,dcm,fsaall,mgw,raelbib,hh,gottlieb,alad,hlaw,gmd,lomaxbib,gmd,papr,fpnas,gmd,papr,ngp,gmd,pan,vv,presp,rbpebib,qlt,gmd,nfor,relpet,papr,papr,mussm,dukesm,scsm,amss,runyon,papr,denn,mtj,lhbumbib,varstg,toddbib,nawbib,suffrg,horyd,papr,wtc,:@field(DOCID+@lit(NY1263)) HAER] Williamsburg Bridge entry at the Library of Congress
* [http://www.nycroads.com/crossings/williamsburg/ nycroads.com] Williamsburg page. Has excellent construction photos (taken from Parsons Transportation Group (parsons.com site), the successor company to the design firm that executed the original design) as well as replacement bridge proposal details
*Geolinks-US-streetscale|40.713744|-73.972299

Crossings navbox
structure = Crossings
place = East River
bridge = Williamsburg Bridge
bridge signs = NYCS-bull-small|JNYCS-bull-small|MNYCS-bull-small|Z
upstream = 14th Street Tunnel
upstream signs = NYCS-bull-small|L
downstream = Rutgers Street Tunnel
downstream signs = NYCS-bull-small|FLongestBridge
type = suspension
start = 1903
end = 1924
previous = Brooklyn Bridge
current = Williamsburg Bridge
next = Bear Mountain Bridge