Suwannee River

Infobox River | river_name = Suwannee River

|200px
caption = "Ol' Folks At Home"
origin = Fargo, Georgia
mouth = Suwannee, Florida
basin_countries = United States
length = 266 miles (426 kilometers)
elevation =
discharge =
watershed = The Suwannee River (also spelled Suwanee River) is a major river of southern Georgia and northern Florida in the United States. It is a wild blackwater river, about 266 miles long.

Geography

The river rises in the Okefenokee Swamp, emerging at Fargo, Georgia. The river then runs southwest into Florida, dropping in elevation through limestone layers resulting in Florida's only whitewater rapids. It then turns west near White Springs, Florida, receiving the waters of the Alapaha and Withlacoochee Rivers, which together drain much of south-central Georgia. This meandering forms the southern border of Hamilton County, Florida. It then bends south near Ellaville, then southeast near Luraville, receives the Santa Fe River from the east just below Branford, then south again to the Gulf of Mexico near the town of Suwannee.

uwannee Valley

As the river turns north-northwest near White Springs, Florida, it begins to border the Suwannee Valley and Suwannee County. This continues to form a "C"-shaped curve as it drops southeast, and south again.

History

At the time of the Spanish exploration of the area in the 1530s, the river banks were inhabited by the Timucuan people, who named it Suwani, meaning "Echo River". In the 18th century, Seminoles lived by the river. The steamboat "Madison" operated on the river before the Civil War, and the sulphur springs at White Springs became popular as a health resort, with 14 hotels in operation in the late 1800s.

The Suwannee is not to be confused with the mountaintop town of Sewanee, Tennessee, home of the University of the South. A popular bumper sticker there reads "Sewanee is not a river".

Music

This river is the subject of the Stephen Foster song "Old Folks at Home", in which he calls it the Swanee River. Foster had named the Pedee River of South Carolina in his first lyrics. It was called Swanee River because Foster had misspelled the name [http://www.jacksonville.com/tu-online/stories/030707/met_8429196.shtml/] . Foster never saw the river he made world famous. George Gershwin's song, made popular by Al Jolson, is also spelled "Swanee", and boasts that "the folks up North will see me no more when I get to that Swanee shore".

Both these songs feature strumming banjos and reminiscences of a plantation life more typical of 19th century South Carolina along the Peedee than among the swamps and small farms of the coastal plain of Georgia and Florida.
Don Ameche stars as Foster in the 1939 fictional biopic "Swanee River".

When crossing the river by car today, the sign greeting visitors announces that they are crossing the Historic Suwannee River, complete with the first line of sheet music from the song. "Old Folks at Home" is the state song of Florida, designated as such in 1935. There is a Foster Museum and Carillon Tower at Stephen Foster Folk Culture Center State Park at White Springs. The spring itself is called White Sulphur Springs because of its high sulphur content. Because of a belief in the healing qualities of its waters, the Springs were long popular as a health resort.

In English parlance something going "up the Swannee" or "down the swanny" means something going badly wrong; analogous to "up the creek without a paddle".

Recreation

A unique aspect of the Suwannee River is the Suwannee River Wilderness Trail. The Trail is a cooperative effort by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, the Suwannee River Water Management District and the cities, businesses and citizens of the eight-county region of the Suwannee River Basin. The Trail encompasses 170 river miles from Stephen Foster Folk Culture Center State Park to the Gulf of Mexico.

The Lower Suwannee National Wildlife Refuge offers bird and wildlife observation, wildlife photography, fishing, canoeing, hunting, and interpretive walks. A wildlife driving tour is under construction and several boardwalks and observation towers offer views of refuge wildlife and habitat.

In recent years, the Suwannee River has been the site of music gatherings. Magnolia Festival, SpringFest, and Wannee have are held annually in Live Oak, Florida adjacent to the river. Performing artists include Vassar Clements, Peter Rowan, David Grisman, Allman Brothers Band, and the String Cheese Incident.Fact|date=November 2007

Bridges

*US 19/US 98/Alternate US 27 at Fanning Springs, Florida (Joe H. Anderson Sr. Bridge)
*CR 340 near Bell, Florida
*US 27 at Branford, Florida
*FL 51 at Luraville, Florida (Hal W. Adams Bridge)
*CR 250 at Dowling Park, Florida
*Interstate 10
*US 90 at Ellaville, Florida
*CR 249
*US 129 at Suwannee Springs, Florida
*Interstate 75
*US 41 at White Springs, Florida
*CR 6
*US 441 at Fargo, Georgia

ee also

*List of Florida rivers
*List of Georgia rivers

External links

* [http://www.SuwanneeOnline.com Suwannee Online]
* [http://fcit.usf.edu/florida/lessons/suwannee/suwannee.htm USF page with history]
* [http://www.epa.gov/owow/showcase/suwaneeriver/location.html EPA info on Suwannee basin]
* [http://www.SuwanneeRiver.com Suwannee River Wilderness Trail]
* [http://www.mysuwanneeriver.com Info on the Suwannee River and surrounding areas from SRWMD]
* [http://www.floridamemory.com/Collections/folklife/sound_folk.cfm Recording of "Old Folks at Home" at the 1955 Florida Folk Festival; made available for public use by the State Archives of Florida]

Further reading

*Light, H.M., et al. (2002). "Hydrology, vegetation, and soils of riverine and tidal floodplain forests of the lower Suwannee River, Florida, and potential impacts of flow reductions" [U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1656A] . Denver: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey.