Boy soprano

A boy soprano is a young male singer with an unchanged voice in the soprano range. Although a treble, or choirboy, may also be considered to be a boy soprano, the more colloquial term "boy soprano" is generally only used for boys who sing, perform, or record as soloists, and who may not necessarily be choristers who sing in a boys' choir.

Origins

In the liturgical Anglican and English Catholic traditions, young choristers are normally referred to as trebles, rather than boy sopranos. The term "treble" derives from the Latin "triplum", used in 13th century motets to indicate the third and highest range. Trebles have an average range of C4-A5.

The use of trebles (and falsettos) in Christian liturgical music can be traced back to pre-Christian times. Boys were called upon to sing chants at Jewish religious services. Fact|date=February 2008 Saint Paul's dictum that "women should be silent in churches" ("mulieres in ecclesiis taceant") resonated with this largely patriarchal tradition; the development of vocal polyphony from the Middle Ages through the Renaissance and Baroque thus took place largely, though not exclusively, in the context of the all-male choir, in which all voice parts were sung by men and boys.

The term "boy soprano" originated with Dr Henry Stephen Cutler (1825-1902), Choirmaster of the Cecilian Choir, New York, who used the term for both the choir members and soloists, who were church choristers, when giving concerts in public halls. The earliest use is traced to a Choral Festival at Irving Hall, New York, in May 1866. [cite web |title= The Boy Choir & Soloist Directory - Featured Boy Sopranos and Trebles |url= http://www.boysoloist.com/boysoprano.asp?VID=170 |accessdate= 2008-03-07]

The recent emergence of liturgical choirs including young girls has led in these traditions to both a more inclusive definition of treble which includes the higher voices of children of either gender, and to the qualified expression "girl treble," though such usage has met with opposition.

Short-lived range

As a boy approaches and begins to undergo puberty, the quality of his voice increasingly distinguishes itself from that typical of girls. Before and as the voice drops, a uniquely rich tone develops. This brief period of high vocal range and unique color forms much of the ground for the use of the boy soprano in both liturgical and secular music in the Western world and elsewhere. Occasionally boys whose voices have changed can continue to sing in the soprano range for a period of time.

While the girl's voice tends to develop gradually into the richness of the adult female voice, the voice of the boy is subject to the effects of the dropping of the larynx, also known as the breaking of the voice. The ultimate result of this profound change is that a new set of vocal ranges become available (see bass, baritone, tenor, contralto, sopranista; see also castrato).

It has been observed that boy sopranos in earlier times were, on average, somewhat older than in modern times. For example, Johann Sebastian Bach was considered to be an outstanding boy soprano until halfway through his sixteenth year, and Ernest Lough was 16 when he recorded his famous Hear My Prayer, but for a male to sing soprano with an unchanged voice at that age is currently fairly uncommon. In the developed world, puberty tends to begin at younger ages (most likely due to differences in diet, including greater availability of proteins and vitamins). It is also becoming more widely known that the style of singing and voice training within Cathedrals has changed significantly in the past century, making it more difficult for boys to continue singing soprano much beyond the age of 13 or 14.

Famous Boy Sopranos

*Peter Auty Sang "Walking in the Air" in the animated film "The Snowman" and is now a tenor.
*Joseph McManners famous for his renditions of Bright Eyes (Art Garfunkel song), Circle of Life and In Dreams.
*Aled Jones World famous Welsh boy soprano who is now a baritone.
*Paul Miles-Kingston Sang in Andrew Lloyd Webber's "Requiem" with Sarah Brightman
*Ernest Lough Sold millions with his rendition of "O for the Wings of a Dove" in 1927, recorded when he was 16 1/2.
*James Rainbird Sang Suo Gân, which was lip-synched by Christian Bale in the 1987 film Empire of the Sun.
*Anthony Way Starred and sang in the hit mini-series "The Choir", which was based on a novel of the same name by Joanna Trollope.
*Jean-Baptiste Maunier in the film Les Choristes
* [http://www.andrewswait.co.uk Andrew Swait] b.1994 Treble soloist, performer and recording artist; having recorded more than 12 cds, 6 as principal soloist.
*Paul Phoenix famous boy soprano of St Paul's Cathedral, now one of the world famous King Singers.

Popular Treble Solos

* "Pie Jesu" by Gabriel Fauré from his Requiem
* "Hear My Prayer" by Felix Mendelssohn (containing the famous passage 'O for the Wings of a Dove')
* "Adonai" by Leonard Bernstein from his "Chichester Psalms"
* "Pie Jesu" by Andrew Lloyd Webber from his Requiem
* "Miserere mei, Deus" by Gregorio Allegri

See also

*Anglican church music
*Choirboy
*List of choirs
*superius
*boys' choir

References

External links

* [http://www.boysoloist.com The Boy Choir & Soloist Directory]
* [http://boychoirs.org Boychoirs--Past, Present and Future]