Danan

For other uses, see Danan (disambiguation).

Danan (uncertain derivation) was one of the three volcanic cones (the others being Perboewatan and Rakata) on the island of Krakatoa, in the Sunda Strait, in Indonesia. It stood 450 metres (1,480 ft), laid in the central area of the island, and may have been a twin volcano. Danan was virtually destroyed in the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa, only a rocky islet named Bootsmansrots remains of it.

Form

Not much can be found about Danan; the interior of Krakatoa was little explored or surveyed. There were several peaks, and Verbeek surmised that it formed a "ring-shaped crater wall". In one of the photographs of Perboewatan erupting in May 1883, Danan's irregular shape can be seen in the background, partially obscured by the ash cloud arising from Perboewatan.

Eruptions

1680–1681 eruption

Danan apparently joined Perboewatan in eruption sometime after May, 1680, when Perboewatan started erupting. A returning Dutch traveler saw both cones erupting in February, 1681.

The 1883 eruption

Main article: 1883 eruption of Krakatoa

Perboewatan started erupting in May 1883. In June, a black cloud hung over the islands for five days, and when it lifted on June 24, an ash column could be seen issuing apparently from an area between Perboewatan and Danan. By the time Captain Ferzenaar visited the island on August 11, Danan was in full eruption and there were about a dozen steam plumes, most of which were between the two cones. The two cones continued erupting, entering the cataclysmic phase on August 26, with four terminal events on the morning of the 27th.

Rogier Verbeek's reconstruction of the eruption has Danan destroyed at about 10:52 am, August 27 in the last of the castastrophic explosions.

Bootsmansrots

Bootsmansrots ('Bosun's Rock' in Dutch) is a small (about 10 m squared) platform of rock composed of parallel slabs of hypersthene andesite tilted at about a 45-degree angle to the sea surface. It probably was an extrusion dike in the flank of Danan and was stable enough to keep Danan from being destroyed in the major explosion at 10:02 am which destroyed the area to the south and the northern half of Rakata. The steep angle to the west indicates that it has moved from its original location, probably by the bulk of Danan collapsing in that direction.

References

• Furneaux, Rupert. Krakatoa (1964)
• Simkin & Fiske. Krakatau 1883: The Volcanic Eruption & Its Effects (1983)