Zinc cyanide

Zinc cyanide

Chembox new
Name = Zinc cyanide
ImageFile = zinc_cyanide.jpg
ImageName = Zinc cyanide
OtherNames = potassium sulfocyanate
potassium isothiocyanate
potassium thiocyanide
Section1 = Chembox Identifiers
CASNo = 557-21-1
Section2 = Chembox Properties
Formula = Zn(CN)2
MolarMass = 117.41 g/mol
Appearance = off-white powder
Density = 1.852 g/cm3, solid
Solubility = insoluble
MeltingPt = 800 °C (decomposes)
BoilingPt =
Section7 = Chembox Hazards
EUClass = not listed
NFPA-H = 4
NFPA-R = 2
NFPA-F = 0

Zinc cyanide is the inorganic chemical compound with the formula Zn(CN)2. It adopts a polymeric structure consisting of tetrahedral zinc centers linked by bridging cyanide ligands. The structure can also be described as being two interpenetrating adamantain structures. The cyanide group shows head to tail disorder with any zinc atom having between 1 and 4 carbon neighbours and the remaining being nitrogen atoms. It shows one of the largest negative coefficents of thermal expansion, beating the previous largest zerconium tungstate.

Zn(CN)2 is employed as a catalyst for the cyanosilylation of aldehydes and ketones. [cite journal
author = Rasmussen J. K., Heilmann S. M.
title = In situ Cyanosilylation of Carbonyl Compounds: O-Trimethylsilyl-4-Methoxymandelonitrile
journal = Organic Syntheses, Collected Volume
volume = 7
pages = 521
year = 1990
url= http://www.orgsyn.org/orgsyn/prep.asp?prep=cv7p0521]

It is also used to introduce the formyl group in organic synthesis.2-Hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde has been prepared from 2-naphthol, zinc cyanide, and anhydrous hydrogen chloride. [cite journal
author = Adams R., Levine I.
title = Simplification of the Gattermann Synthesis of Hydroxy Aldehydes
journal = Journal of the American Chemical Society
year = 1923
volume = 45
pages = 2373–77
doi = 10.1021/ja01663a020] [cite journal
author =Fuson R. C., Horning E. C., Rowland S. P., Ward M. L.
title = Mesitaldehyde
journal = Organic Syntheses, Collected Volume
volume = 3
pages = 549
year = 1955
url=http://www.orgsyn.org/orgsyn/prep.asp?prep=cv3p0549]

Zinc cyanide is also a byproduct of gold extraction were zinc metal is added to the gold cyanide solution to precipitate the gold.

References


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