Japanese cruiser Kashii

nihongo|IJN Kashii |香椎 練習巡洋艦|Kashii renshūjunyōkan was the third and final vessel completed of the three light cruisers in "Katori" class, which served with the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. It is named after a noted Shinto shrine in Fukuoka, Japan.

Background

The "Katori"-class cruisers were originally ordered to serve as training ships in the 1937 and 1939 Supplementary Naval Budget. With the Pacific War, they were used as administrative flagships for various fleets, such as submarine command and control and to command escort squadrons. The ships were upgraded as the war progressed with additional anti-aircraft guns and depth charges.

ervice career

Early career

"Kashii" was completed by Mitsubishi shipyards in Yokohama on 15 July 1941, and was initially assigned to Sasebo Naval Base.

With the growing tensions in the Pacific, "Kashii" was subsequently (31 July 1941) assigned to the Southern Expeditionary Fleet under Vice Admiral Jisaburo Ozawa. On 18 October 1941, "Kashii" became flagship of the Southern Expeditionary Fleet based out of Saigon, French Indochina. One month later, "Kashii" was transferred to Hainan and Vice Admiral Ozawa transferred his flag to the "Chokai".

On 5 December 1941, "Kashii" departed Cap St. Jacques, French Indochina escorting seven troop transports carrying the Imperial Japanese Army's 143rd Infantry Regiment to Kra Isthmus (Thailand) and Malaya, and was thus still en route at the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Early stages of the Pacific War

After the initial landings in Malaya and Thailand, "Kashii" returned to Camranh Bay, Indochina on 13 December 1941 to rendezvous with 39 transports of the Second Malaya Convoy, which it then escorted to various points along the eastern coast of Thailand and Malaya. It also escorted the Third Malaya convoy from 26-28 December 1941.On 3 January 1942, the "Kashii" rescued troops from the troop transport "Meiko Maru" which had caught fire and exploded off of Hainan.

From January through March, the "Kashii" patrolled an area from Singapore to Bangkok and eastern Dutch East Indies. On 11 February 1942, it escorted the 11 transports of the Bangka-Palembang, Sumatra invasion force, and on 12 March 1942, participated in “Operation T" (the invasion of North Sumatra).

"Kashii" became flagship of the No. 2 Escort Unit on 19 March 1942, which escorted 32 transports with the IJA 56th Infantry Division for the invasion of Burma, and an additional 46 transports carrying the IJA's 18th Infantry Division in early April.

On 11 April 1942, Vice Admiral Ozawa transferred his flag back to "Kashii" which was now based in Singapore. However, on 14 July 1942 Vice Admiral Denshichi Okawachi replaced Vice Admiral Ozawa. "Kashii" continued with patrol duties in the eastern Indian Ocean off Burma, the Andaman Islands and Penang though September.

On 21 September 1942, "Kashii" departed Saigon on an emergency transport mission to reinforce Japanese forces in the Solomon Islands. "Kashii" used a fake second funnel in an attempt to mimic an American heavy cruiser. The ruse succeeded, and "Kashii" successfully landed reinforcements at Rabaul, New Britain on 8 October 1942. It returned to Singapore without incident, and resumed its normal patrol duties until mid January 1943.

In January 1943, "Kashii" underwent retrofit at Keppel dockyard sin Singapore, to truncate its masts and add a "submarine spotting station” to its foretop. "Kashii" resumed its patrol area in the eastern Indian Ocean from February through end July 1943.

On 9 March 1943 Vice Admiral Yoshikazu Endo replaced Vice Admiral Okawachi as commander of the First Southern Expeditionary Fleet, Malay Force.

From 24 July 1943 - 22 August 1943, "Kashii" made two transport runs carrying troops and supplies to Port Blair and Car Nicobar. On 29 August 1943, off Pulo Weh, north Sumatra en route to Sabang, "Kashii" was attacked by the Royal Navy submarine " HMS Trident (N52) ", which fired all eight of its bow torpedoes, but missed. The "Kashii" made five more troop and supply runs to the Andaman Islands from 21 September 1943 - 27 November 1943 without incident.

On 31 December 1943, "Kashii" was reassigned to the Kure Training Division, arriving at Etajima in February 1944 after retrofit at Sasebo to assume duty as training ship for the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy. However, its time as a training vessel was very short.

On 25 March 1944, "Kashii" was reassigned directly to Headquarters, General Escort Command, and was modified for anti-submarine warfare at Kure Arsenal. Its torpedo tubes were removed and replaced by two Type 89 127 mm twin mount HA guns. Four triple mount Type 96 25 mm AA guns were also installed bringing the total to 20 barrels (4x3, 4x2), a Type 21 air-search radar was fitted and hydrophone s and sonar were also added. "Kashii's" aft compartments were modified into concrete-protected magazines for up to 300 depth charges. Four depth charge throwers and two rails are installed on the quarterdeck. The modification work was completed by 29 April 1944.

Later stages of the Pacific War

"Kashii" became flagship for Rear Admiral Mitsuharu Matsuyama's No. 1 Surface Escort Division on 3 May 1944 and departed Moji on 29 May 1944 escorting a convoy to Singapore. On 2 June 1944, USS Guitarro (SS-363) spotted the convoy east of Taiwan, and sank one of its ships with two torpedoes, but "Kashii" was undamaged, and made it to Singapore on 12 June 1944 with the remaining vessels in the convoy.

Further refit was undertaken at Kure on 28 June 1944, with ten single mount Type 96 25 mm AA guns installed, bringing the total to 30 barrels (4x3, 4x2, 10x1), and a new Type 22 surface-search radar was also fitted at that time.

"Kashii" departed again on 13 July 1944 from Moji, escorting a convoy HI-69 loaded with aircraft for Luzon in the Philippines. The convoy arrived safely in Manila, and after offloading aircraft, proceeded to Singapore, returning to Moji without incident on 15 August 1944.

Another convoy mission was undertaken to the Philippines from 25 August 1944. On the return voyage, "Kashii" was flagship for Rear Admiral Setsuzo Yoshitomi's 5th Escort Group escorting convoy HI-74. The convoy was attacked on 16 September 1944 by the "USS Queenfish" (SS-393) and "USS Barb (SS-220) ", which sank two oilers and the aircraft carrier "Unyo". More than 900 crewmen were lost, along with 48 aircraft. "Kashii" and the remaining ships rescued 761 survivors, reaching Moji on 23 September 1944.

The next convoy mission (HI-79) to Singapore from 26 October 1944 - 9 November 1944 was uneventful. After arrival, Rear Admiral Shiro Shibuya replaced Admiral Yoshitomi as CINC of the new of the new 101st Escort Group. The return run from Singapore to Sasebo from 17 November 1944 to 4 December 1944 was uneventful.

On 10 December 1944, "Kashii" was reassigned to the 1st Surface Escort Group and departed Moji for Takao, Taiwan with a convoy of Army transports. From Takao, "Kashii" was assigned another convoy to Singapore. The new convoy was attacked by USAAF B-25 Mitchell bombers off Hainan on 25 December 1944, but escaped with little damage.

The return voyage with convoy HI-86 consisted of ten ships (4 tankers and 6 cargo ships) and the 101st Escort Group's five frigate CD "kaibokans", which departed Singapore on 30 December 1944. On 12 January 1945, shortly after departing Qui Nhon Bay, Indochina, bombers from the U.S Task Group 38.3 "USS Essex" (CV-9), "USS Ticonderoga" (CV-14), "USS Langley" (CVL-27) and the "USS San Jacinto" (CVL-30) attacked convoy HI-86, sinking most of the convoy's ships. "Kashii" was hit starboard amidships by a torpedo from a TBF Avenger, then a SB2C Helldiver struck with two bombs aft, setting off the depth charge magazine. The "Kashii" sank stern first at coord|13|50|N|109|20|E. Of the "Kashii's" crew, 621 men went down with the ship and only 19 were rescued.

"Kashii" was removed from the Navy list on 20 March 1945.

List of Captains

Chief Equipping Officer - Capt. Sanji Iwabuchi - 1 April 1940 - 15 July 1941

Capt. Sanji Iwabuchi - 15 July 1941 - 15 October 1941

Capt. Hideo Kojima - 15 October 1941 - 25 June 1942

Capt. Kazue Shigenaga - 25 June 1942 - 20 January 1943

Capt. Satoshi Takada - 20 January 1943 - 5 March 1944

Capt. / RADM* Midori Matsumura - 5 March 1944 - 12 January 1945 (KIA)

References

Books

*cite book
last = Brown
first = David
authorlink =
year = 1990
title = Warship Losses of World War Two
publisher = Naval Institute Press
location =
id = ISBN 1-55750-914-X
*cite book
last = D'Albas
first = Andrieu
authorlink =
year = 1965
title = Death of a Navy: Japanese Naval Action in World War II
publisher = Devin-Adair Pub
location =
id = ISBN 0-8159-5302-X
*cite book
last = Dull
first = Paul S.
authorlink =
year = 1978
chapter =
title = A Battle History of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1941-1945
publisher = Naval Institute Press
location =
id = ISBN 0-87021-097-1
*cite book
last = Evans
first = David
authorlink =
year = 1979
title = Kaigun : Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887-1941
publisher = Naval Institute Press
location =
id = ISBN 0-87021-192-7
*cite book
last = Howarth
first = Stephen
authorlink =
year = 1983
title = The Fighting Ships of the Rising Sun: The drama of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1895-1945
publisher = Atheneum
location =
id = ISBN 0-68911-402-8
*cite book
last = Jentsura
first = Hansgeorg
authorlink =
coauthors =
year = 1976
chapter =
title = Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869-1945
publisher = Naval Institute Press
location =
id = ISBN 0-87021-893-X
*cite book
last = Lacroix
first = Eric
authorlink =
coauthors = Linton Wells
year = 1997
chapter =
title = Japanese Cruisers of the Pacific War
publisher = Naval Institute Press
location =
id = ISBN 0-87021-311-3
*cite book
last = Whitley
first = M.J.
authorlink =
coauthors =
year = 1995
chapter =
title = Cruisers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia
publisher = Naval Institute Press
location =
id = ISBN 1-55750-141-6
*cite book
last = Worth
first = Richard.
authorlink =
coauthors =
year = 2001
chapter =
title = Fleets of World War II
publisher = Da Capo Press
location =
id = ISBN 0-30681-116-2

External links

* [http://www.combinedfleet.com/katori_c.htm CombinedFleet.com: "Katori" class]
* [http://www.combinedfleet.com/kashii_t.htm CombinedFleet.com: "Kashii" history]

Notes

ee also

*List of World War II ships