Earl of Shrewsbury

Earl of Shrewsbury (pronounced "shrows-bree" not "shrews-bree" [Debrett's "Correct Form", 2002 edition] ) is a title that has been created twice. The first creation occurred in 1074 for Roger de Montgomerie, one of William the Conqueror's principal counselors. The title was forfeit in 1102 after the 3rd Earl, Robert of Bellême rebelled against Henry I and joined Robert Curthose's invasion of England in 1101. These earls were sometimes styled Earl of Shropshire.

The title was created for a second time in the Peerage of England in 1442 when John Talbot, 7th Baron Talbot, an English general in the Hundred Years' War, was made Earl of Shrewsbury. The Talbot family descends from Gilbert Talbot, Lord Chamberlain of the Household to King Edward III, who was summoned to Parliament as Lord Talbot in 1331. His great-grandson, the fourth Baron, married Ankaret, 7th Baroness Strange of Blackmere, daughter and heiress of John le Strange, 4th Baron Strange of Blackmere. In 1387, during his father's lifetime, he was summoned to Parliament as "Ricardo Talbot de Blackmere" in right of his wife. His son, the fifth Baron, also succeeded his mother as eighth Baron Strange of Blackmere.

On his early death the titles passed to his daughter Ankaret, the sixth and ninth holder of the titles. However, she died at a very young age and was succeeded by her uncle, the aforementioned seventh Baron Talbot. He married Maud Nevill, 6th Baroness Furnivall, and in 1409 he was summoned to Parliament in right of his wife as "Johann Talbot de Furnyvall". In 1442 he was created Earl of Shrewsbury in the Peerage of England and in 1446 Earl of Waterford in the Peerage of Ireland. He was also made hereditary Lord High Steward of Ireland. He was succeeded by his son, the second Earl. He had already succeeded as seventh Baron Furnivall on his mother's death in 1433. Lord Shrewsbury served as both Lord Chancellor of Ireland and Lord High Treasurer of England. He was killed at the Battle of Northampton in 1460 during the Wars of the Roses.

His grandson, the fourth Earl, was Lord Steward of the Household between 1509 and 1538. His son, the fifth Earl, was summoned to the House of Lords through a writ of acceleration as Lord Talbot in 1533, five years before he succeeded his father. On his death the titles passed to his son, the sixth Earl. He was summoned to the House of Lords through a writ of acceleration as Lord Talbot in 1553. Lord Shrewsbury was entrusted with the custody of Mary, Queen of Scots, and also served as Earl Marshal from 1572 to 1590. He married as his second wife the famous Bess of Hardwick.

Shrewsbury was succeeded by his son from his first marriage to Lady Gertrude Manners, the seventh Earl. He represented Derbyshire in the House of Commons and served as Lord Lieutenant of Derbyshire. He had no sons and on his death in 1616 the baronies of Talbot, Strange of Blackmere and Furnivall fell into abeyance between his three daughters. He was succeeded in the earldoms by his younger brother, the eighth Earl. He was Member of Parliament for Northumberland. He did not have a male heir either and was succeeded by his distant relative, the ninth Earl. He was the great-great-grandson of Sir Gilbert Talbot (d. 1518), third son of the second Earl of Shrewsbury.

He was succeeded by his nephew, the tenth Earl. He was the son of John Talbot. On his death the titles passed to his son, the eleventh Earl. He was killed in a duel with George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham. His son, the twelfth Earl, was a prominent statesman. He was one of the Immortal Seven who in 1688 invited William of Orange to invade England and depose his father-in-law James II and later served under William and Mary as Secretary of State for the Southern Department and Secretary of State for the Northern Department. In 1694 he was created Marquess of Alton and Duke of Shrewsbury in the Peerage of England. The Duke was childless and on his death in 1718 the marquessate and dukedom became extinct.

He was succeeded in his other titles by his first cousin, the thirteenth Earl. He was the son of the Hon. Gilbert Talbot, second son of the tenth Earl. Lord Shrewsbury was in the Holy Orders of the Church of Rome. On his death the titles passed to his nephew George, the fourteenth Earl (who was the son of the Hon. George Talbot). He was childless and was succeeded by his nephew Charles, the fifteenth Earl (who was the son of Charles Talbot). He began in 1812 the creation of the extensive gardens at Alveton Lodge, Staffordshire (later renamed Alton Towers) which estate had been in the family since the 15th century. When he died the titles were inherited by his nephew John, the sixteenth Earl who was the son of the Hon. John Joseph Talbot. When in 1831 the principal home of the famiy at Heythrop, Oxfordshire was destroyed by fire he moved the family seat to Alton Towers. He was succeeded by Bertram, his second cousin once removed, the seventeenth Earl who was the great-grandson of the Hon. George Talbot, younger son of the aforementioned Gilbert Talbot (d. 1711), second son of the tenth Earl.

Bertram died unmarried at an early age in 1856. By his will he left his estates to Lord Edward Howard, son of the Duke of Norfolk but the will was contested by three distant relatives and after a long and expensive legal case the House of Lords ruled in 1860 in favour of Henry John Chetwynd-Talbot, 3rd Earl Talbot, who thus became the eighteenth Earl of Shrewsbury and Waterford. He was a descendant of the aforementioned the Hon. Sir Gilbert Talbot (d. 1518), third son of the second Earl of Shrewsbury (see the Earl Talbot for earlier history of this branch of the family). He also held the titles of Baron Talbot, of Hensol in the County of Glamorgan, and Viscount of Ingestre, of Ingestre Hall in the County of Stafford. Lord Shrewsbury was an Admiral in the Royal Navy and also served in the second Conservative administration of the Earl of Derby as Captain of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms (chief whip in the House of Lords) from 1858 to 1859.

His eldest son, the nineteenth Earl, also served as Captain of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms, an office he held from 1874 to 1877 under Benjamin Disraeli. He was succeeded by his son, the twentieth Earl. He caused a scandal in Victorian England by eloping with a married woman, Ellen Miller-Mundy. They were later married. On his death the titles passed to his grandson, the twenty-first Earl. He was the son of Charles John Alton Chetwynd-Talbot, Viscount Ingestre. As of 2007 the peerages are held by the twenty-first Earl's eldest son, the twenty-second Earl, who succeeded in 1980. He is one of the ninety elected hereditary peers that remain in the House of Lords after the passing of the House of Lords Act 1999, and sits on the Conservative benches. He is also hereditary Lord High Steward of Ireland and as the holder of this office is allowed to bear a white staff at the Coronation of the British Monarch.

Lord Shrewsbury is the senior Earl on the Roll in the Peerage of England (the more senior earldom of Arundel being held by the Duke of Norfolk). The earldom of Waterford is sometimes called the "Premier Earldom of Ireland "on the Roll", as the oldest Irish earldom, that of Kildare, has been a subsidiary title of the Duke of Leinster for centuries and the Earl held the oldest Irish earldom held by anyone ranked as an Earl. If the Viscount Mountgarret proves his presumed claim to the 1328 earldom of Ormonde, the Earls of Shrewsbury would lose this distinction, but they derive higher precedence from their English earldom in any event. Despite holding three differently named earldoms Lord Shrewsbury is always styled simply "The Earl of Shrewsbury".

The seat of the Earls of Shrewsbury was once Alton Towers until it was sold to The Tussauds Group. Their seat is now at Wanfield Hall in Staffordshire.

Three other members of the Talbot family may also be mentioned. The Hon. John Talbot, son of the first Earl of Shrewsbury by his second wife Margaret Beauchamp, was created Viscount Lisle in 1451. Admiral the Hon. Walter Carpenter (who assumed the surname of Carpenter in lieu of his patronymic Chetwynd-Talbot), second son of the eighteenth Earl, was a naval commander and Member of Parliament. Major-General the Hon. Sir Reginald Talbot, third son of the eighteenth Earl, was a soldier, politician and colonial governor.

Earls of Shrewsbury, First Creation (1074)

*Roger de Montgomerie, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury (d. 1094)
*Hugh of Montgomery, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury (d. 1098)
*Robert of Bellême, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury (1052–1113) (forfeit 1102)bum

Barons Talbot (1331)

*Gilbert Talbot, 1st Baron Talbot (1276-1346)
*Richard Talbot, 2nd Baron Talbot (c.1305-1356)
*Gilbert Talbot, 3rd Baron Talbot (c.1332-1387)
*Richard Talbot, 4th Baron Talbot (c.1361-1396)
*Gilbert Talbot, 5th Baron Talbot, 8th Baron Strange of Blackmere (c.1383-1419)
*Ankaret Talbot, 6th Baroness Talbot, 9th Baroness Strange of Blackmere (d. 1421)
*John Talbot, 7th Baron Talbot, 10th Baron Strange of Blackmere (1390–1453) (created Earl of Shrewsbury in 1442)

Earls of Shrewsbury, Second Creation (1442)

*John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury (1390–1453)
*John Talbot, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury (1413–1460)
*John Talbot, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury (1448–1473)
*George Talbot, 4th Earl of Shrewsbury (1468–1538)
*Francis Talbot, 5th Earl of Shrewsbury (1500–1560)
*George Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury (1528–1590)
*Gilbert Talbot, 7th Earl of Shrewsbury (1552–1616)
*Edward Talbot, 8th Earl of Shrewsbury (1561–1617)
*George Talbot, 9th Earl of Shrewsbury (1567–1630)
*John Talbot, 10th Earl of Shrewsbury (1601–1654)
*Francis Talbot, 11th Earl of Shrewsbury (1623–1667)
*Charles Talbot, 12th Earl of Shrewsbury (1660–1718) (created Duke of Shrewsbury in 1694)

Dukes of Shrewsbury (1694)

*Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury, 12th Earl of Shrewsbury (1660–1718)

Earls of Shrewsbury, Second Creation (1442; Reverted)

*Gilbert Talbot, 13th Earl of Shrewsbury (1673–1743)
*George Talbot, 14th Earl of Shrewsbury (1719–1787)
*Charles Talbot, 15th Earl of Shrewsbury (1753–1827)
*John Talbot, 16th Earl of Shrewsbury (1791–1852)
*Bertram Arthur Talbot, 17th Earl of Shrewsbury (1832–1856)
*Henry John Chetwynd-Talbot, 18th Earl of Shrewsbury, 3rd Earl Talbot (1803–1868)
*Charles John Chetwynd-Talbot, 19th Earl of Shrewsbury, 4th Earl Talbot (1830–1877)
*Charles Henry John Chetwynd-Talbot, 20th Earl of Shrewsbury, 5th Earl Talbot (1860–1921)
*John George Charles Henry Alton Alexander Chetwynd-Talbot, 21st Earl of Shrewsbury, 6th Earl Talbot (1914–1980)
*Charles Henry John Benedict Crofton Chetwynd Chetwynd-Talbot, 22nd Earl of Shrewsbury, 7th Earl Talbot (b. 1952)

The Heir Apparent is the present holder's son James Richard Charles John Chetwynd-Talbot, Viscount Ingestre (b. 1978)

ee also

*Earl Talbot
*Baron Talbot
*Viscount Lisle
*Baron Furnivall
*Baron Strange of Blackmere

References

*Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). "Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage" (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990.
* [http://www.angeltowns.com/town/peerage/ Leigh Rayment's Peerage Page]
* [http://www.thepeerage.com/ www.thepeerage.com]