An Unearthly Child

] [ cite web
url= http://www.drwhoguide.com/who_A.htm
title= 100,000 BC
publisher = Doctor Who Reference Guide
author =
date =
accessdate = 2008-08-30 ] [ cite web
url= http://www.shannonsullivan.com/drwho/serials/a.html
title= 100,000 BC
publisher = A Brief History of Time Travel
last = Sullivan
first = Shannon
date = 2006-07-23
accessdate = 2008-08-30 ]

The serial that became "An Unearthly Child" was originally commissioned from writer Anthony Coburn in June 1963, when it was intended to run as the second "Doctor Who" serial. At this stage, it was planned that the series would open with a serial entitled "The Giants", to be written by BBC staff scriptwriter C. E. Webber.cite book | last = Howe | first = David J. | authorlink = David J. Howe | coauthors = Mark Stammers and Stephen James Walker | year = 1994 | title = The Handbook: The First Doctor – The William Hartnell Years 1963-1966 | publisher = Virgin Books | location = London|id = ISBN 0-426-20430-1] Webber had been heavily involved in the brainstorming meetings which had led to the creation of "Doctor Who", and — with BBC Head of Drama Sydney Newman and Head of Serials Donald Wilson — had co-written the initial format document for the series.

By the middle of June, however, Wilson and "Doctor Who"'s initial "caretaker producer" Rex Tucker decided to reject "The Giants". This was partly because it was felt the serial lacked the necessary impact for an opener, and partly because it was felt that the technical requirements of the storyline — which involved the leading characters being drastically reduced in size — would be beyond the capacities of the young series at this point, given the facilities available. Due to the lack of scripts ready for production, it was decided to move Coburn's serial up to first place in the running order.

By the end of June, responsibility for getting "Doctor Who" off the ground was handed over to producer Verity Lambert and script editor David Whitaker, neither of whom were greatly impressed with Coburn's serial as a series 'opener'. The writer was asked to carry out major rewrites. Some consideration was even given to dropping the scripts altogether, with writer Terence Dudley briefly sounded out about providing a replacement, but a lack of time necessitated Coburn's serial going ahead.

The moving up in the schedule of Coburn's story necessitated his rewriting the opening episode to include some introductory elements of Webber's script for the first episode of "The Giants" — as a result Webber received a co-writer's credit for "An Unearthly Child" on internal BBC documentation. Coburn did, however, make several significant original contributions of his own, most notably that the Doctor's time machine should externally resemble a police box — which subsequently went on to become one of the main icons of the show. Coburn had the idea for the design when he came across a real police box while on a walk near his office. Concerned to avoid any possibility of sexual impropriety implicit in having a young girl travelling with an older man, Coburn also insisted that the character of Susan Foreman should be redrawn as the Doctor's granddaughter rather than simply his travelling companion.

The serial as a whole was originally to have been directed by Rex Tucker, but when he moved on from the series young staff director Waris Hussein, who had been attached to "Doctor Who" from an early stage, was given the assignment. Some of the pre-filmed inserts for the serial, shot at Ealing Studios in early October, were directed by Hussein's production assistant, Douglas Camfield. The incidental music score was provided by Norman Kay. The scenic designer assigned to the serial was Peter Brachacki, who originated the distinctive TARDIS interior set, but he eventually handled only the very first episode before being replaced by Barry Newberry, as he was unhappy with working on the programme.

The first version of the opening episode was shot at Lime Grove Studios on the evening of 27 September 1963, following a week of rehearsals. The second attempt at the opening episode was shot on 18 October, with the following three episodes being shot weekly from that point onwards on 25 October, 1 November and 8 November. As with much British television of the era, the episodes were predominantly videotaped "as live", with little scope for re-takes or breaks in recording.

In many ways, the serial consists of two stories; there is a strong discontinuity between the first episode, introducing the characters and establishing the premise of the series, and the three episodes set in the Paleolithic. The first episode, in particular, is often seen as a classic of television science fiction (though the contemporary critical reaction was somewhat less positive).

Pilot episode

The first episode, "An Unearthly Child", was originally recorded a month before full recording on the series began. However, the initial recording was bedevilled with technical problems and errors made during the performance. A particular problem occurred with the doors leading into the TARDIS control room which would not close properly, instead randomly opening and closing through the early part of the scene. Two versions of the scene set in the TARDIS were recorded, along with an aborted first attempt to start the second version.

Sydney Newman, after viewing the episode, met producer Verity Lambert and director Waris Hussein. He indicated the many faults he found with the pilot and ordered that it be mounted again; a consequence of this was the delay of the show's planned 16 November 1963 premiere date. This initial episode is now known as the unaired "pilot episode", although it was never intended as such, since the practice of producing pilot episodes did not exist in Britain in the 1960s.

During the weeks between the two tapings, changes were made to costuming, effects, performances, and the script (which had originally featured a more callous and threatening Doctor, and Susan doing strange things like flicking ink blots onto paper). Changes made before the final version were filmed include a thunderclap sound effect being deleted from the opening theme music; Susan's dress being changed to make her look more like a schoolgirl than the original costume which made her appear more alien and sensual; the Doctor's costume being changed from a contemporary suit and tie to his familiar, Edwardian clothing; a reference to the Doctor and Susan being from the 49th Century being replaced by them being from "another time, another world"; the TARDIS door being repaired so that it closed properly; and a refinement of the TARDIS sound effect.

The original episode was not broadcast until 26 August 1991 when the BBC aired a version that edited together the first half of the taping with one of the two completed second halves. As it happened, the version chosen was the one in which the TARDIS doors would not close; other errors included actress Carole Ann Ford flubbing a line of dialogue, Jacqueline Hill getting caught in a doorway, a camera banging into a piece of scenery during one of the scrapyard sequences, and William Russell accidentally knocking over a mannequin in the scrapyard. This version was later released on the VHS compilation "The Hartnell Years". In late 2005, the "Doctor Who: The Beginning" DVD set (released in North America in March 2006) contained two versions of the episode: an unedited studio recording including all takes of the second part of the show, and a newly created version of the pilot that uses the best footage from the original recording, with additional editing and digital adjustments to remove blown lines, technical problems, and reduce studio noise. Like the other episodes from this serial, both versions of the "pilot" were remastered for DVD release, using VidFIRE technology that simulated the original video look of the 1963 production.

Alternative titles

As was usual at the beginning of the series' history, no overall title appeared on-screen, and each episode has its own title. "100,000 BC" is the title that was used by the production team at the time of transmission. However, due to the absence of an overall onscreen title for the four episode storyline, reference works have used various different titles, some originating from the BBC production office and others seemingly invented by fans.

Titles used for the story include, in rough chronological order:

* "The Tribe of Gum" - An early working title which was used up until the beginning of recording. It survived in a few documents derived from earlier paperwork, such as the payments for overseas sales, and started appearing again in reference works in the late 1970s and 1980s, including being used when the teleplay was published by Titan Books.
* "100,000 BC" - The first known use is a publicity release dating from when the story was being recorded and this title is used on subsequent lists and publicity releases.
* "The Paleolithic Age" - Used by producer Verity Lambert in a letter to a viewer in late 1964.
* "The Stone Age" - Used on the biography listing on a publicity release for a later story in late 1965.
* "An Unearthly Child" (or variants thereof) - The title of the first episode, used by the 1973 "Radio Times" Tenth Anniversary Special and subsequently by the 1976 edition of "The Making of Doctor Who", with much subsequent commercial use including the novelisation, VHS and DVD releases of the story.
* "The Cavemen" - A quick description of the story material used in a 1974 fan listing due to the seeming lack of any other title.

Many documents lack any title at all (whereas for later stories they are clearer), including the 1974 BBC Enterprises listing "A Quick Guide to Doctor Who" which was the main source of titles for most early fan reference works.

Which title should be used is a subject that has generated deep controversy amongst fans of the series. Fan researchers such as David J. Howe argue that since "100,000 BC" was used by the production team at the time of transmission, it is the most accurate title. However, the BBC tends to market the story as "An Unearthly Child". Consequently, this became the most common title used for the story in recent years (see also Doctor Who story title controversy).

The four episodes of the serial are, respectively, "An Unearthly Child", "The Cave of Skulls", "The Forest of Fear" and "The Firemaker". In common with Coburn's original acronym TARDIS, as component parts of his script texts, these titles now remain the copyright protected property of his estate.

Broadcast and reception

The first episode was transmitted the day after the assassination of John F. Kennedy. There is a myth that the transmission was delayed by ten minutes due to extended news coverage; in fact, it went out just eighty seconds late.cite book | last = Howe | first = David J. | authorlink = David J. Howe | coauthors = Mark Stammers and Stephen James Walker | year = 2003 | title = The Television Companion: The Unofficial and Unauthorised Guide to DOCTOR WHO | edition = 2nd edition|publisher = Telos Publishing Ltd.| location = Surrey|id = ISBN 1-903889-51-0 ] However, because it was felt that the coverage of the events of the assassination as well as a series of power blackouts across the country may have caused too many viewers to miss this introduction to a new series it was broadcast again on 30 November, just before the broadcast of episode two. This repeat was not broadcast in Northern Ireland.

Doctorwhobook
title=An Unearthly Child
series=Target novelisations
number=68
featuring=


writer=Terrance Dicks
publisher=Target Books
coverartist=Andrew Skilleter
isbn=0 426 20144 2
set_between=
pages=
date=15 October 1981
preceding=Doctor Who and the Enemy of the World
following=Doctor Who and the State of Decay|

Commercial releases

Terrance Dicks wrote the Target Books novelisation of this story, initially published as "Doctor Who and an Unearthly Child" in October 1981. A French language version of the novelisation with the title "Docteur Who entre en scène" (literally, "Doctor Who takes the stage") was published in 1987. A 1990 German edition published by Goldmann was one of six "Doctor Who" novels from that publisher, this being the only not involving the Daleks. The German title was "Doctor Who und das Kind von den Sternen" ("Doctor Who and the Child from the Stars"). It was the first target novelisation to feature the "neon logo" and early editions featured a red foil logo. The First Doctor's appearance in the Eighth Doctor Adventures novel "The Eight Doctors", also by Dicks, occurs during this story.

The story was originally released on VHS in 1990, and the unaired pilot (edited with the second take of the TARDIS scene) was released as part of "The Hartnell Years" in 1991. It was rereleased and remastered in 2000. It was subsequently released with "The Daleks" and "The Edge of Destruction" in the DVD box set "The Beginning", which includes all footage from the pilot (as well as an edited and enhanced 'special edition' of the pilot episode). The DVD contains commentary by producer Verity Lambert, director Waris Hussein, moderator Gary Russell, and actors Carole Ann Ford and William Russell.

References

*cite web
last = Sullivan
first = Shannon Patrick
year = 2006-02-25
url = http://www.shannonsullivan.com/drwho/serials/a.html
title = Serial A: 100,000 BC (aka An Unearthly Child, The Tribe Of Gum)
publisher = A Brief History of Time (Travel)
accessdate = 2006-04-19

External links

*BBCCDW | id=unearthlychild | title=An Unearthly Child
*Brief | id=a | title=100,000 BC
*Doctor Who RG | id=who_a | title=100,000 BC
*OG | id=a | title=An Unearthly Child

Reviews

*DWRG | id=unea | title=An Unearthly Child
*DWRG | id=u0 | title=An Unearthly Child | description=original pilot
*OG review | id=a | title=An Unearthly Child
* [http://www.whoniverse.org/reviews/A.php The Whoniverse's review on "An Unearthly Child"]

Target novelisation

*OG review | id=a-book | title=Doctor Who and An Unearthly Child
* [http://www.personal.leeds.ac.uk/~ecl6nb/OnTarget/1981/unearthl/81uneart.htm On Target — "Doctor Who and An Unearthly Child"]