Milwaukee Cryptosporidium outbreak
- Milwaukee Cryptosporidium outbreak
The 1993 Milwaukee Cryptosporidium outbreak was a significant distribution of the "Cryptosporidium" protozoan in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and the largest waterborne disease outbreak in documented United States history. The Howard Avenue Water Purification Plant (see Town of Lake water tower) was contaminated, and treated water showed turbidity levels well above normal. It was one of two water treatment plants for Milwaukee. The root cause of epidemic was never officially identified.
This abnormal condition at the plant lasted from March 23 through April 8, after which, the plant was shut down. Over the span of approximately two weeks, 403,000 of an estimated 1.61 million residents in the Milwaukee area (of which 880,000 were served by the malfunctioning treatment plant) became ill with the stomach cramps, fever, diarrhea and dehydration caused by the pathogen. Over 100 deaths were attributed to this outbreak, mostly among the elderly and immunocompromised people, such as AIDS patients.
ee also
*Pryor Avenue Iron Well
* Water supply
External links
* [http://waterandhealth.org/newsletter/old/03-01-1995.html Cryptosporidium and public health (Drinking Water and Health Newsletter)]
* [http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol9no4/pdfs/02-0417.pdf Cost of Illness in the 1993 Waterborne Cryptosporidium Outbreak, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (CDC)]
* [http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/water/dwg/Crypto.htm Cryptosporidium: A Risk to Our Drinking Water (Wisconsin DNR)]
* [http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/3/161 A Massive Outbreak in Milwaukee of Cryptosporidium Infection Transmitted through the Public Water Supply (New England Journal of Medicine)]
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