Bramley, Surrey

infobox UK place
country = England
official_name = Bramley
map_type = Surrey
latitude = 51.1934
longitude = -0.5576
population = 3,341
os_grid_reference = TQ008447
OldMapsYear =
shire_district = Waverley
shire_county = Surrey
region = South East England
constituency_westminster = Guildford
Ambulance = Surrey
post_town = GUILDFORD
postcode_district = GU5
postcode_area = GU
dial_code = 01483

Bramley is a village and civil parish about three miles south of Guildford in the Borough of Waverley in Surrey, south east England. With a population of c.3,300 most of the parish lies in the Surrey Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. There is evidence of iron age settlement in the area, but the village began as a Saxon settlement, and expanded during the middle ages. Many historic buildings have survived and the village is a conservation area.

Pre 1600

Bramley is a Saxon name meaning a clearing in the broom. Birtley to the south is also Saxon and means a clearing in the birch.

The wider area had been settled before the Saxons arrived. The builders of the Iron Age fort at Hascombe (in use from c.200 to 50BC) probably included farmers from the Wintershall and Thorncombe Street areas of present day Bramley, but there is no evidence for early settlement in the village area and no evidence of any Roman settlement.

The settlement appears in Domesday Book as "Brolege" or "Bronlei". It was held by the Bishop of Bayeux. Its Domesday Assets were: 39½ hides; 3 churches, 5 mills worth £1 6s 0d, 39 ploughs, 20 acres of meadow, woodland worth 100 hogs. It rendered (in total): £83 14s 8d. [Domesday Book for Surrey]

The Anglo-Saxon settlers of Wonersh - the name means a crooked field - may have been the people who developed the Linish Bramley. This name means a flax-stubble field and in 1843, when the Tithe Assessment map was drawn, it covered the area now occupied by the Library, Blunden Court and Old Rectory Close. Flax was used to make linen but before spinning and weaving the stems were "retted"; this meant soaking them in running water, a procedure which could have used the stream which also powered the mills.

Bramley is mentioned in the Domesday Book, at which time it was the largest and most valuable manor in Surrey, and was granted to Odo of Bayeux (William the Conqueror's half-brother) in the reallocation of English manors following the Battle of Hastings, a fact that is commemorated by a plaque in the village centre. The name of the village is derived from the Saxon word for a clearing in the broom.

There were two mills - probably both here at the time of the Domesday survey, Bramley Mill and Snowdenham Mill, to the latter of which Sic|hide=y|Emply Lane (now a bridleway) led from the higher land around Wintershall.

At the time of Domesday (1086) the Manor of Bramley was far larger than present day Bramley and comprised most of the western half of Blackheath Hundred, extending to the Sussex border and including Shalford, Wonersh, Hascombe and West Cranleigh.

Coronation Oak green today is all that remains of the original village green at the centre of the village. It was once the crossroads where Linersh-lane, the road from Wonersh, met Deep Lane, the original route from Wintershall, and the first Mill Lane (moved in the 1820s), which started from the north side of the house now called 'Saddlers', which was previously known as 'Corners' or 'Old Corners'. There is a reference to a moated manor house near the village green, which would probably have dated from the 1300s; it survived to the early 1800s.

At some date during the Middle Ages the road from the village to Birtley around the east slope of Hurst Hill was established, as was the road from Thorncombe Street to Bramley and Wonersh (later to be Snowdenham Lane and Station Road).

Bramley Church, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, was probably first built in the 1100s. The tower and chancel date from the early 1200s with the south transept (now part of the south aisle) added later in the century. It was not until 1676 that boundary walls were built and the burial ground was licensed. Holy Trinity was a daughter church of Shalford; Bramley only became a separate parish in 1847.

By the mid 16th century there were 63 houses in what was called Bramley township, 22 of them within half a mile of the church. The most important house in the village was probably the present East Manor; its external staircase was added in the 1580s, when it would have been seen from the village green, demonstrating the importance of the owners at a time when domestic staircases were still rare.

Post 1600

The village would have been growing in the 17th century; many of the houses on the west side of the High Street date from this period. Bramley Manor, opposite East Manor and originally the farm for Bramley Manor, was built in the middle of this century.

The 18th century brought more changes with the road through the village becoming part of the turnpike road from Guildford to Arundel, following an Act of Parliament of 1757; there is still a milestone in Birtley Road. A bridge and causeway were built on the road to Wonersh in the 1770s; the river was then diverted from its original course close to the bottom of Wonersh Hollow into a new straight course to align with the new bridge.

Most villagers would have made their living from agriculture. A house called the Nunnery was purchased for the poor the parish in 1735. This was at the far end of the Bramley millpond; it was sold a century later when the poor had to go to Hambledon Workhouse. More happily, by the early years of the century the Jolly Farmer public house was established.

The Napoleonic Wars brought concerns for shipping in the English Channel and plans to create an inland waterway between London and Portsmouth led to the building of a canal to connect the rivers Wey and Arun. This finally opened in 1816. James Stanton was appointed Superintendent of the canal in 1819; by the time of his death in 1857 he had five barges of his own, but by now use of the canal was declining and it finally closed in 1871. Stanton's cottage on the wharf still survives. In 1825 the Earl of Egremont, a great supporter of the canal, had purchased a property in Bramley on the site of the present Park Drive which was soon demolished. He diverted some of the water from the millpond to the canal in an attempt to improve the canal's water supply; this had a lasting effect as the watercourse would define the boundary between the later school and cemetery. The Earl of Egremont also moved the lane to the mill, roughly to the present Park Drive, and his nephew built Bramley House, now almost completely demolished. This house was later leased by Captain Jekyll and was the childhood home of Gertrude Jekyll. After the Jekyll family left in 1868 the house was considerably extended and the lane to the mill now became a driveway to the house with a third Mill Lane (the present one) put through in 1871.

Development in the village was also influenced by Mrs Charlotte Sutherland, who leased Church House in 1848. She largely financed the building of the north aisle of the Church in 1851, the new Vicarage (now demolished and replaced by Old Rectory Close), the Village School, the cemetery and its chapel (also demolished); her brother, Richard Charles Hussey, was the architect for all these developments.

Charles Smith purchased a site from Elizabeth Street of Birtley House in 1848. Here his son William established a brewery before 1865. This continued in operation until 1923, when the brewery chimney was demolished. His other son Richard established a foundry which lasted until the early 1960s; it is now the site of Bramley Motors.

Various railway companies had built lines in the vicinity and there were stations at Guildford in 1845, Godalming soon after, and Shalford in 1849. Then in 1865 the Cranleigh Line linking Guildford with Horsham opened, and "Bramley & Wonersh" station (initially known as "Bramley") was the last stop on the line before Guildford. This was perhaps the main reason for the increase in population that followed, and there were housing developments including Station Road, Birtley Road and Eastwood Road; the south aisle, incorporating the south transept, was added to the Church in 1875. There were several shops in the village by the 1850s but at the end of the century William Lawn Head re-fronted several of the houses on the west side of the High Street to provide Head's Stores. The Stores have since been split into a number of individual premises but Head's elegant shop-fronts remain.

The oldest existing school in the village, now called Bramley Infants School (previously Bramley C of E Primary School) was established in 1850 and at that time consisted of only two classrooms and a clock tower. Two more classrooms were added in 1874 and a further classroom and hall were built in 1894. An extension in 1957 provided indoor toilets and office accommodation. The school has recently been entirely refurbished out of doors and decorated throughout indoors. Originally the school catered for four to fourteen year-olds but in 1973 it became a First School taking children from five to eight years. The recent change in the age of transfer means a further change to the intake and now caters for girls and boys from four to seven years old. [ [http://www.bramley.surrey.sch.uk/ Bramely C of E infants] ] The clock in the tower at Bramley infants has recently been renovated.

St. Catherine's School was established in 1885, and has grown to have a significant physical presence in the village. Building of the Chapel began in 1893 and it was dedicated in the following year. It is a notable example of the work of Charles Eamer Kempe, who was responsible for much of the interior decoration, especially the stained glass windows.

By the end of the 19th century the local government of the village changed with the establishment of a Parish Council in 1894. This met, as it still does, in the Village Hall whose Victorian exterior and modern additions conceal a barn with timbers dating back to c.1400.

Gertrude Jekyll, who had spent her childhood in Bramley, retained an interest in the area, and her friend Edwin Lutyens designed Millmead House in Snowdenham Lane as a speculative development for her in 1904; she, of course, designed the garden. Grange Cottages were also built at the beginning of the century as staff cottages for Bramley Grange.

The Great War brought tragedy to the village with many of the young men killed. Wounded men from the front were also seen in the village as Thorncombe Park was used as a hospital. In 1921 the war memorial at the crossroads was built, designed by architect and local resident Frederick Hodgson.

In 1887 Bramley Grange was built on the site of the earlier White House for Colonel Webster (who would later develop Bramley Golf course). After the Great War it was converted to a popular hotel and remained a hotel until burnt down in 1996. Between the wars there was more housing development, including the start of Linersh Wood.

In the years since World War II there has been considerable development in the centre of the village, much of it on the east side, including shops, Windrush Close, the Catholic Church, the public library, Blunden Court and Old Rectory Close. On the opposite side houses were now built in Mill Lane and Home Park Close was built on the old kitchen garden of Bramley House, which had once contained ' a long range of greenhouses and an abundance of peaches, nectarines, plums, cherries and pears.'

The railway closed as part of the Beeching closures in 1965 after serving the village for almost a century.

Today

The village has a service station, a Chinese takeaway, a curry house, a general grocer's, a pharmacy, a library, and a post office, as well as several other shops and a classic car showroom.

The village has two churches, one catholic, one protestant. The anglican Holy Trinity Church dates from the 1100s, with further additions in the 1200s.

There are two pubs, the "Jolly Farmer" and the "Wheatsheaf", which are almost next to one another. Bramley is also the home of St. Catherine's School, an independent girls' school established in 1885 and Bramley C of E Primary School, established in 1850.

The village fete is held in May each year on Gosden Common and the village Bonfire in November is a huge local event.

The village is twinned with Rhens, in Germany.

It is in the "Guinness Book of Records" as the first cricket ground to host an all women's cricket match in 1745 on Gosden Common where Bramley Cricket Club play today.

The Bramley Grange Hotel was replaced in 2004 by flats built in a similar style, after the original building was destroyed by fire.

In the film: The Holiday there is a scene where Cameron Diaz is driving down a country road. The country road is the road going from Bramley to Godalming.

Thorncombe park was the home of Eric Moller during the 1950s until the mid 80's. He was the owner of the 1983 Derby winner Tenoso ridden by Lester Piggott.

References

External links

* [http://www.bramleyparish.co.uk/ Bramley Parish Council]
* [http://www.bramleyhistorysociety.org.uk/ Bramley History Society]