Greater Short-toed Lark

Taxobox
name = Short-toed Lark
status = LC
status_system = iucn3.1

---

image_width = 240px
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Aves
ordo = Passeriformes
familia = Alaudidae
genus = "Calandrella"
species = "C. brachydactyla"
binomial = "Calandrella brachydactyla"
binomial_authority = (Leisler, 1814)

The Greater Short-toed Lark ("Calandrella brachydactyla") or sometimes just Short-toed Lark (but see below) is a small passerine bird. It breeds in southern Europe, northwest Africa, and across temperate Asia from Turkey and southern Russia to Mongolia. It is a rare visitor to eastern Europe (Tomek & Bocheński 2005).

All but some southernmost populations are migratory, wintering south to the southern edge of the Sahara and India. This species is a fairly common wanderer to northern and western Europe in spring and autumn.

This is a common bird of dry open country and cultivation. It nests on the ground, laying two to three eggs. Its food is seeds and insects, the latter especially in the breeding season.

This is a small pale lark, smaller than the Skylark. It is dark-streaked greyish-brown above, and white below, and ahs a strong pointed bill. It has a pale supercilium, dark patches on each side of its neck and a dark tail. Some birds in the west of the range have a rufous crown. The sexes are similar.

The song varies between a dry twittering and a more varied and imitative melody.

Care must be taken to distinguish this species from other similar "Calandrella" larks, such as the Lesser Short-toed Lark, "Calandrella rufescens".

References

* Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern
* Tomek, T., & Bocheński, Z. (2005): Weichselian and Holocene bird remains from Komarowa Cave, Central Poland. "Acta zoologica cracoviensia" 48A (1-2): 43-65. [http://www.ingentaconnect.com/search/download?pub=infobike%3a%2f%2fisez%2fazc%2f2005%2f00000048%2fF0020001%2fart00005&mimetype=application%2fpdf PDF fulltext]

External links

* [http://www.oiseaux.net/oiseaux/photos/alouette.calandrelle.html Oiseaux] images
* [http://www.ibercajalav.net/img/297_ShortToedLarkCbrachydactyla.pdf Ageing and sexing (PDF) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta]