Alfredo de Sá Cardoso

Infobox Officeholder
honorific-prefix =
name =Alfredo de Sá Cardoso
honorific-suffix =


imagesize =170px
caption =
order =72nd Prime Minister of Portugal
(18h of the Republic)
office =
term_start =June 29, 1919-January 15, 1920
term_end =January 15, 1920-January 21, 1920 ¹
monarch =
president =António José de Almeida
predecessor =Domingos Pereira
successor =Domingos Pereira
order2 =
office2 =Minister for Interior
term_start2 =June 29, 1919-January 15, 1920
term_end2 =January 15, 1920-January 21, 1920 ¹
monarch2 =
primeminister2 =Himself
predecessor2 =Domingos Pereira
successor2 =Domingos Pereira
order3 =
office3 =Minister for Interior
term_start3 =December 18, 1923
term_end3 =July 6, 1924
monarch3 =
primeminister3 =Álvaro de Castro
predecessor3 =António Ginestal Machado
successor3 =Alfredo Rodrigues Gaspar
birth_date =birth date|1864|6|6|mf=y
birth_place =flagicon|Portugal|1830 Lisbon, Kingdom of Portugal
death_date =death date and age|1950|4|24|1864|6|6|mf=y
death_place =flagicon|Portugal Lisbon, Portuguese Republic
party =Portuguese Republican Party
(later National Reconstitution Republican Party)
spouse =
relations =
children =
residence =
nickname =Alaíde (masonry name)
alma_mater =
occupation =Army officer (General)
profession =
religion =


website =
footnotes =¹ He resigned on January 15, 1920. Francisco José Fernandes Costa was chosen to replace him as President of the Ministry. He did not take office due to public protests. Sá Cardoso was then reconducted until January 21, 1920.

Alfredo Ernesto de Sá Cardoso (Lisbon, June 6, 1864 — Lisbon April 24, 1950), commonly known as Alfredo de Sá Cardoso (pron. IPA2|aɫ'fɾedu eɾ'nɛʃtu dɨ sa kɐɾ'dozu), or just Sá Cardoso, was a Portuguese republican politician of the Portuguese First Republic, who served twice as Prime Minister of Portugal.

Biography

Sá Cardoso was the son of Adelaide Leopoldina de Sá Cardoso. He would eventually marry Gabriel Moreira and had issue. After his first studies, he ingressed in the "Colégio Militar" (Military College) and, then in the "Escola do Exército" (Army School), where he studies in the branch of artillery. He became an officer of the army and progressed in his career (second lieutenant, 1886; first lieutenant, 1888; captain, 1900; major, 1911; lieutenant-colonel, 1915; colonel, 1917) that would take him to the post of general.

He was mobilized in the Luanda military campaign, occupying the post of secretary of the districtal government (from 1888), and governor of the fortress of São Paulo de Luanda, and in the years 1917-1918, he was intregrated in the "Corpo Expedicionário Português" (Portuguese Expeditionary Corp). He also served as a vogal of the Council for Ballistic Works.

He was a member of the Portuguese Republican Party, a member of the respective Consultative Junta (1913) and chief of the party (in 1919). He became linked with the Reconstituent Party, which he founded with Álvaro de Castro, and with the Republican Action, of which he was president.

Since 1893 he was a free mason, being initiated in the Portugal Shop with the symbolic name of Alaíde, ascending to the 33rd degree, and being part of its Supreme Council since 1934.

He was an active participant in the republican campaign, since the days of the Portuguese Constitutional Monarchy, taking part in the events of January 31, 1890 and January 28, 1908.

He integrated the Military Committee for the proclamation of the Portuguese Republic and was active in the October 5, 1910 revolution. With the republican triumph, he was a cabinet chief of Correia Barreto (1910-1911) and, then, Civil Governor of the Autonomous District of Funchal (1913-1914). Being a member of the so-called group "Jovem Turquia" (Young Turkey), he co-organized the May 14, 1915 revolutionary movement.

He took part in the resistance against the revolt of Sidónio Pais of December 5, 1917, being emprisioned between 1918 and 1919. In this last years, faithfull to his republican beliefs he participated in the offensive against the Monarchy of the North. He served as deputy, for Viana do Castelo, in 1913, 1915, 1919 and 1922, presiding the Chamber of Deputies in the last.

He became President of the Ministry (Prime Minister) on June 29, 1919 and served for almost a year until January 15, 1920. On the same day Francisco José Fernandes Costa was taking office, but due to the political unstability of the First Republic, he was forced to resign during the same day (his government was called the "Five Minutes Government"). Sá Cardoso was invited again to form government and he was Prime Minister again from January 16 to 21, 1920, accumulating the Interior (same period) and Foreign Affairs (from June 29 to July 12, 1919). He would participate in another government (of Álvaro de Castro) occupying the post of Minister of Interior between December 18, 1923 and July 6, 1924.

With the May 28, 1926 revolution that installed the "Ditadura Nacional" (National Dictatorship), a military dictatorial administration that would be followed by António de Oliveira Salazar's quasi-fascist "Estado Novo" (New State), Alfredo de Sá Cardoso was again arrested in 1926, and forced to live in a regime of fixed residence, first in Cape Verde and then in the Azores, between 1927 and 1933.

He returned to mainland Portugal in 1934 to found the Republican Alliance. Until the end of his life he refused any political post. He died in Lisbon on April 24, 1950.

References

* Guinote "et al.", "Ministros e Parlamentares da 1.ª Republica" (Ministers and Parliamentarians of the 1st Republic), Assembleia da República (Assembly of the Republic), Lisbon, 1991.