1649

Year 1649 (MDCXLIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar).

Events of 1649

January - June

* January 30 - King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland is beheaded. His widow Henrietta Maria returns to her native France.
* January 30 - The Commonwealth of England, a republican form of government, replaces the monarchy as the form of government of England and later of Scotland and Ireland. Members of the Long Parliament serve as government.
* January 30 - Prince Charles Stuart declares himself King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland. At the time all three Kingdoms do not recognize him as ruler.
* February 5 - In Edinburgh, Scotland claimant King Charles II of England is declared King in his absence. Scotland is the first of the three Kingdoms to recognize his claim to the throne.
* March 11 - The Frondeurs (rebels) and the French government sign the Peace of Rueil.
* March 19 - The House of Commons passes an act abolishing the House of Lords, declaring that it is "useless and dangerous to the people of England".
* May 17 - The Banbury mutiny ends - leaders of the Leveller mutineers in the New Model Army are hanged.
* May 19 - "" is passed by the Rump Parliament.
* May - Robert Blake is promoted to become an Admiral of the English fleet.

July - December

* August 8 - Dubhaltach MacFhirbhisigh completes Book VIII of Leabhar na nGenealach, in Galway, within days of an outbreak of the plague.
* August 15 - Admiral Robert Blake blockades Prince Rupert to allow Oliver Cromwell to land in Dublin and begin the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland.
* September 2 - The Italian city of Castro is completely destroyed by the forces of Pope Innocent X, ending the Wars of Castro.

Undated

* Urga is founded (now Mongolia's capital).
* The Digger movement is crushed at St George's Hill.
* The English Interregnum starts.
* The Siege of Drogheda and Sack of Wexford: The beginning of the end for the Irish Catholic Confederation.

Ongoing events

* Fronde civil war in France (1648-1653)

Births

* February 2 - Pope Benedict XIII (d. 1730)
* February 8 - Gabriel Daniel, French Jesuit historian (d. 1728)
* February 11 - William Carstares, Scottish minister (d. 1715)
* April 5 - Elihu Yale, American benefactor of Yale University (d. 1721)
* April 9 - James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, claimant to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland (d. 1685)
* June 13 - Adrien Baillet, French scholar and critic (d. 1706)
* July 23 - Pope Clement XI (d. 1721)
* September 15 - Titus Oates, English minister and plotter (d. 1705)
* December 7 - Charles Garnier, French Jesuit missionary (b. 1606)

Deaths

* January 30 - King Charles I of England, Scotland, and Ireland (executed) (b. 1600)
* March 9 - James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton, Scottish statesman (b. 1606)
* March 9 - Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland, English soldier (executed) (b. 1590)
* March 16 - Jean de Brébeuf, French Jesuit missionary (b. 1593)
* March 19 - Gerhard Johann Vossius, German classical scholar and theologian (b. 1577)
* March 26 - John Winthrop First Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony (b. c.1587)
* May 14 - Friedrich Spanheim, Dutch theologian (b. 1600)
* June 3 - Manuel de Faria e Sousa, Portugues historian and poet (b. 1590)
* September 6 - Robert Dudley, styled Earl of Warwick, English explorer and geographer (b. 1574)
* September 15 - John Floyd, English Jesuit preacher (b. 1572)
* October 3 - Giovanni Diodati, Swiss Protestant clergyman (b. 1576)
* October 16 - Isaac van Ostade, Dutch painter (b. 1621)
* November 19 - Caspar Schoppe, German scholar (b. 1576)
* December 4 - William Drummond of Hawthornden, Scottish poet (b. 1585)
* December 8 - Noël Chabanel, French Jesuit missionary (b. 1613)

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